var g_txt=[
{t:"Computer Systems",p:1,x:567,y:585,w:316,h:46},
{t:"Frank Frame",p:1,x:742,y:635,w:137,h:27},
{t:"Standard Grade Computing Studies",p:1,x:136,y:520,w:755,h:55},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:2,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"ii",p:2,x:200,y:1291,w:7,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:2,x:225,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"First published 2004",p:2,x:188,y:1025,w:127,h:19},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland 2004",p:2,x:188,y:1072,w:261,h:19},
{t:"This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes by schools and",p:2,x:188,y:1120,w:604,h:19},
{t:"colleges in Scotland provided that no profit accrues at any stage.",p:2,x:188,y:1143,w:400,h:19},
{t:"ISBN 1 84399 038 5",p:2,x:188,y:1191,w:125,h:19},
{t:"Acknowledgement",p:2,x:188,y:175,w:277,h:35},
{t:"Thanks to Dorothy T edman for her contribution to the review of the content.",p:2,x:188,y:215,w:602,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:2,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"iii",p:3,x:784,y:1292,w:11,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:3,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:3,x:604,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Contents",p:3,x:167,y:177,w:135,h:35},
{t:"Introduction",p:3,x:261,y:224,w:118,h:26},
{t:"iv",p:3,x:752,y:225,w:15,h:26},
{t:"Types of Computer System F eatured on the DVD",p:3,x:261,y:264,w:477,h:26},
{t:"1",p:3,x:757,y:265,w:10,h:26},
{t:"Hardware Devices",p:3,x:261,y:304,w:171,h:26},
{t:"3",p:3,x:757,y:305,w:10,h:26},
{t:"Types of Input Device F eatured on the D VD",p:3,x:261,y:344,w:428,h:26},
{t:"4",p:3,x:757,y:345,w:10,h:26},
{t:"Types of Output Device F eatured on the D VD",p:3,x:261,y:384,w:444,h:26},
{t:"9",p:3,x:757,y:385,w:10,h:26},
{t:"Types of Backing Storage F eatured on the DVD",p:3,x:261,y:424,w:458,h:26},
{t:"13",p:3,x:745,y:425,w:21,h:26},
{t:"Questions and Tasks",p:3,x:261,y:464,w:198,h:26},
{t:"19",p:3,x:745,y:465,w:21,h:26},
{t:"Answers to Questions and T asks",p:3,x:261,y:504,w:311,h:26},
{t:"22",p:3,x:745,y:505,w:21,h:26},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:3,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:4,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"iv",p:4,x:199,y:1291,w:9,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:4,x:225,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Introduction",p:4,x:188,y:177,w:183,h:35},
{t:"This publication is part of a series of publications to support ",p:4,x:188,y:217,w:463,h:22},
{t:"Standard Grade",p:4,x:676,y:217,w:116,h:22},
{t:"Arrangements in Computing Studies",p:4,x:188,y:241,w:267,h:22},
{t:" (March 2004). The titles in the series are:",p:4,x:469,y:241,w:323,h:22},
{t:"•",p:4,x:188,y:272,w:11,h:22},
{t:"General Purpose Packages",p:4,x:236,y:272,w:196,h:22},
{t:"•",p:4,x:188,y:296,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Communications and Networks",p:4,x:236,y:296,w:234,h:22},
{t:"•",p:4,x:188,y:320,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Computer Systems",p:4,x:236,y:320,w:136,h:22},
{t:"•",p:4,x:188,y:344,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Automated Systems",p:4,x:236,y:344,w:144,h:22},
{t:"•",p:4,x:188,y:368,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Commercial Data P rocessing.",p:4,x:236,y:368,w:224,h:22},
{t:"The first two packs, ",p:4,x:188,y:416,w:158,h:22},
{t:"General Purpose Packages and Communications and",p:4,x:354,y:416,w:399,h:22},
{t:"Networks, provide complete coverage of the content as specified in the updated",p:4,x:188,y:440,w:609,h:22},
{t:"arrangements for Standard Grade Computing Studies.",p:4,x:188,y:464,w:417,h:22},
{t:"The other three packs, ",p:4,x:188,y:512,w:180,h:22},
{t:"Computer Systems",p:4,x:377,y:512,w:135,h:22},
{t:", Automated Systems , and Commercial",p:4,x:520,y:512,w:298,h:22},
{t:"Data Processing have been produced to support the three programmes featured",p:4,x:188,y:536,w:611,h:22},
{t:"on the DVD. The content of these materials has been written to relate directly",p:4,x:188,y:560,w:602,h:22},
{t:"to the programmes on the D",p:4,x:188,y:584,w:219,h:22},
{t:"VD and may not cover all the content as specified",p:4,x:417,y:584,w:382,h:22},
{t:"in the course arrangements.",p:4,x:188,y:608,w:211,h:22},
{t:"Computer Systems",p:4,x:188,y:656,w:286,h:35},
{t:"The materials contained in this pack support the programme on the D",p:4,x:188,y:696,w:541,h:22},
{t:"VD",p:4,x:755,y:696,w:28,h:22},
{t:"entitled The Kickin ’ Technology Top 20. The materials describe a number of",p:4,x:188,y:720,w:593,h:22},
{t:"items of hardware associated with input, output and backing storage devices.",p:4,x:188,y:744,w:587,h:22},
{t:"The materials cover the following content as specified in the course",p:4,x:188,y:768,w:515,h:22},
{t:"arrangements.",p:4,x:188,y:792,w:110,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:4,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"v",p:5,x:787,y:1292,w:5,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:5,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:5,x:604,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Computer Systems – Content Covered In Support Materials",p:5,x:167,y:174,w:637,h:25},
{t:"Main aspect",p:5,x:176,y:226,w:95,h:23},
{t:"F/G/C",p:5,x:323,y:226,w:54,h:23},
{t:"G/C",p:5,x:493,y:226,w:36,h:23},
{t:"C",p:5,x:654,y:226,w:13,h:23},
{t:"Operating",p:5,x:176,y:260,w:81,h:23},
{t:"• sequential and",p:5,x:654,y:261,w:118,h:21},
{t:"systems",p:5,x:176,y:281,w:60,h:23},
{t:"random/direct",p:5,x:668,y:283,w:101,h:21},
{t:"access to data",p:5,x:668,y:305,w:93,h:21},
{t:"Low-level",p:5,x:176,y:338,w:78,h:23},
{t:"• megabyte (MB),",p:5,x:323,y:339,w:128,h:21},
{t:"machine",p:5,x:176,y:362,w:68,h:23},
{t:"gigabyte (GB)",p:5,x:337,y:363,w:99,h:21},
{t:"Hardware",p:5,x:176,y:396,w:79,h:23},
{t:"• backing storage",p:5,x:323,y:397,w:124,h:21},
{t:"• capacity of",p:5,x:493,y:397,w:92,h:21},
{t:"backing storage",p:5,x:507,y:419,w:110,h:21},
{t:"• desktop,",p:5,x:323,y:439,w:73,h:21},
{t:"• mainframe",p:5,x:493,y:439,w:92,h:21},
{t:"• sequential and",p:5,x:654,y:439,w:118,h:21},
{t:"laptop/notebook,",p:5,x:337,y:459,w:120,h:21},
{t:"random/direct",p:5,x:668,y:459,w:101,h:21},
{t:"palmtop",p:5,x:337,y:479,w:59,h:21},
{t:"access devices",p:5,x:668,y:479,w:97,h:21},
{t:"• current input devices",p:5,x:323,y:499,w:165,h:21},
{t:"• current output devices",p:5,x:323,y:519,w:173,h:21},
{t:"• current backing",p:5,x:323,y:539,w:126,h:21},
{t:"storage devices",p:5,x:337,y:561,w:105,h:21},
{t:"input devices",p:5,x:176,y:591,w:105,h:23},
{t:"• mouse",p:5,x:323,y:593,w:60,h:21},
{t:"• digital still camera",p:5,x:493,y:593,w:146,h:21},
{t:"• use of a variety of",p:5,x:654,y:593,w:133,h:21},
{t:"(Computer",p:5,x:176,y:611,w:86,h:22},
{t:"• trackpad",p:5,x:323,y:613,w:75,h:21},
{t:"• digital video camera",p:5,x:493,y:613,w:157,h:21},
{t:"input devices for",p:5,x:668,y:613,w:119,h:21},
{t:"Systems)",p:5,x:176,y:631,w:69,h:22},
{t:"• graphics tablet",p:5,x:323,y:633,w:118,h:21},
{t:"• webcam",p:5,x:493,y:633,w:72,h:21},
{t:"multimedia",p:5,x:668,y:633,w:82,h:21},
{t:"• touch-sensitive screen• microphone",p:5,x:323,y:653,w:270,h:21},
{t:"• sound card",p:5,x:323,y:673,w:94,h:21},
{t:"• keyboard",p:5,x:323,y:695,w:78,h:21},
{t:"output devices",p:5,x:176,y:728,w:116,h:23},
{t:"• printer:",p:5,x:323,y:729,w:67,h:21},
{t:"Comparison of",p:5,x:493,y:729,w:112,h:21},
{t:"• use of variety of",p:5,x:654,y:729,w:123,h:21},
{t:"(Computer",p:5,x:176,y:749,w:86,h:22},
{t:"–  laser",p:5,x:337,y:751,w:49,h:21},
{t:"Printers in terms of:",p:5,x:493,y:751,w:142,h:21},
{t:"output devices",p:5,x:668,y:751,w:103,h:21},
{t:" Systems)",p:5,x:176,y:769,w:73,h:22},
{t:"–  inkjet",p:5,x:337,y:771,w:59,h:21},
{t:"– speed (ppm)",p:5,x:493,y:771,w:109,h:21},
{t:"for multimedia",p:5,x:668,y:771,w:109,h:21},
{t:"• monitor (VDU)",p:5,x:323,y:791,w:131,h:21},
{t:"– capital costs",p:5,x:493,y:791,w:99,h:21},
{t:"• sound card",p:5,x:654,y:791,w:96,h:21},
{t:"– running costs",p:5,x:493,y:811,w:113,h:21},
{t:"• graphics card",p:5,x:654,y:811,w:114,h:21},
{t:"– resolution (dpi)",p:5,x:493,y:831,w:127,h:21},
{t:"• liquid-cr ystal",p:5,x:493,y:871,w:114,h:21},
{t:"display (LCD)",p:5,x:507,y:891,w:105,h:21},
{t:"• thin film",p:5,x:493,y:911,w:78,h:21},
{t:"transistor (TFT)",p:5,x:507,y:931,w:118,h:21},
{t:"• loudspeakers",p:5,x:493,y:953,w:106,h:21},
{t:"Backing storage",p:5,x:176,y:986,w:124,h:23},
{t:"• magnetic tape",p:5,x:323,y:987,w:114,h:21},
{t:"(Computer",p:5,x:176,y:1007,w:86,h:22},
{t:"• floppy disk",p:5,x:323,y:1008,w:93,h:21},
{t:"Systems)",p:5,x:176,y:1026,w:69,h:22},
{t:"• CD-ROM",p:5,x:323,y:1027,w:89,h:21},
{t:"• DVD-ROM",p:5,x:323,y:1046,w:101,h:21},
{t:"• CD-Recordable",p:5,x:493,y:1104,w:127,h:21},
{t:"(CD-R)",p:5,x:507,y:1123,w:58,h:21},
{t:"• CD-Rewriteable",p:5,x:493,y:1142,w:131,h:21},
{t:"(CD-RW)",p:5,x:507,y:1161,w:76,h:21},
{t:"• DVD-Recordable",p:5,x:493,y:1181,w:139,h:21},
{t:" (DVD-/+R)",p:5,x:507,y:1200,w:92,h:21},
{t:"• DVD-Rewriteable",p:5,x:493,y:1219,w:144,h:21},
{t:"(DVD-/+RW)",p:5,x:507,y:1238,w:107,h:21},
{t:"• USB Flash Drive",p:5,x:493,y:1258,w:126,h:21},
{t:"• Comparison of",p:5,x:491,y:985,w:121,h:21},
{t:"backing storage in",p:5,x:505,y:1005,w:128,h:21},
{t:"terms of:",p:5,x:505,y:1025,w:62,h:21},
{t:"– speed",p:5,x:505,y:1045,w:55,h:21},
{t:"   (data transfer)",p:5,x:505,y:1065,w:111,h:21},
{t:"– cost capacity",p:5,x:505,y:1085,w:102,h:21},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:5,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:6,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"vi",p:6,x:199,y:1291,w:9,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:6,x:225,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:6,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"1",p:7,x:786,y:1292,w:6,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:7,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:7,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Types of Computer System Featured on",p:7,x:168,y:176,w:598,h:35},
{t:"the DVD",p:7,x:168,y:216,w:119,h:35},
{t:"Mainframe",p:7,x:168,y:256,w:132,h:29},
{t:"A mainframe computer is a",p:7,x:551,y:289,w:212,h:22},
{t:"computer system with:",p:7,x:551,y:313,w:173,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:551,y:344,w:11,h:22},
{t:"very powerful processors",p:7,x:593,y:344,w:191,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:551,y:368,w:11,h:22},
{t:"lots of backing storage",p:7,x:593,y:368,w:170,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:551,y:392,w:11,h:22},
{t:"large internal memor",p:7,x:593,y:392,w:165,h:22},
{t:"y.",p:7,x:767,y:392,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Mainframes are designed to",p:7,x:551,y:440,w:214,h:22},
{t:"process large volumes of data",p:7,x:551,y:464,w:225,h:22},
{t:"at high speed. They are used",p:7,x:551,y:488,w:222,h:22},
{t:"by large businesses such as",p:7,x:551,y:512,w:202,h:22},
{t:"banks and mail-order",p:7,x:551,y:536,w:166,h:22},
{t:"companies as well as by large",p:7,x:551,y:560,w:226,h:22},
{t:"organisations such as universities.",p:7,x:551,y:584,w:257,h:22},
{t:"Personal computer",p:7,x:168,y:642,w:241,h:29},
{t:"A personal computer (PC) is a computer that is small and cheap enough to be",p:7,x:168,y:675,w:600,h:22},
{t:"owned and/or used by a single person.",p:7,x:168,y:699,w:297,h:22},
{t:"Desktop",p:7,x:168,y:756,w:90,h:25},
{t:"A desktop computer is the most common kind of PC. It is a collection of a",p:7,x:168,y:784,w:573,h:22},
{t:"number of different hardware devices. This type of computer is sited",p:7,x:168,y:808,w:525,h:22},
{t:"permanently on a desk because its design means it cannot be easily moved.",p:7,x:168,y:832,w:578,h:22},
{t:"The common components of a desktop PC are:",p:7,x:168,y:856,w:369,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:168,y:887,w:11,h:22},
{t:"the system unit containing the",p:7,x:215,y:887,w:229,h:22},
{t:"processor and main memor",p:7,x:215,y:911,w:213,h:22},
{t:"y",p:7,x:439,y:911,w:8,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:168,y:935,w:11,h:22},
{t:"monitor",p:7,x:215,y:935,w:62,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:168,y:959,w:11,h:22},
{t:"keyboard",p:7,x:215,y:959,w:70,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:168,y:983,w:11,h:22},
{t:"mouse",p:7,x:215,y:983,w:50,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:168,y:1007,w:11,h:22},
{t:"hard disk drive",p:7,x:215,y:1007,w:114,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:168,y:1031,w:11,h:22},
{t:"floppy disk drive",p:7,x:215,y:1031,w:128,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:168,y:1055,w:11,h:22},
{t:"CD/DVD drive",p:7,x:215,y:1055,w:122,h:22},
{t:"•",p:7,x:168,y:1079,w:11,h:22},
{t:"speakers.",p:7,x:215,y:1079,w:69,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:7,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:8,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"2",p:8,x:201,y:1291,w:6,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:8,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Laptop/notebook",p:8,x:188,y:179,w:184,h:25},
{t:"A laptop computer is a small, light computer that you can easily carr",p:8,x:188,y:207,w:525,h:22},
{t:"y about",p:8,x:742,y:207,w:56,h:22},
{t:"with you. It can be powered by batter",p:8,x:188,y:231,w:290,h:22},
{t:"y or mains power . A laptop computer",p:8,x:493,y:231,w:295,h:22},
{t:"has a keyboard, and comes with specialised input devices, for example",p:8,x:188,y:255,w:542,h:22},
{t:"trackballs, touchpads or trackpoints. They are needed because laptop",p:8,x:188,y:279,w:530,h:22},
{t:"computers are often operated in places where it is impracticable to use a mouse.",p:8,x:188,y:303,w:615,h:22},
{t:"For output the laptop has an",p:8,x:592,y:351,w:218,h:22},
{t:"LCD or TFT screen and a",p:8,x:592,y:375,w:206,h:22},
{t:"set of small speakers.",p:8,x:592,y:399,w:162,h:22},
{t:"‘Laptops’ are often as",p:8,x:592,y:447,w:165,h:22},
{t:"powerful as desktop",p:8,x:592,y:471,w:154,h:22},
{t:"computers and r un the same",p:8,x:592,y:495,w:226,h:22},
{t:"range and type of software.",p:8,x:592,y:519,w:207,h:22},
{t:"People use laptops for",p:8,x:592,y:567,w:169,h:22},
{t:"working when they are on",p:8,x:592,y:591,w:202,h:22},
{t:"the move, going to meetings",p:8,x:592,y:615,w:218,h:22},
{t:"or attending courses.",p:8,x:592,y:639,w:157,h:22},
{t:"Many businesses are replacing desktop PCs with special plug-in workstations",p:8,x:188,y:687,w:590,h:22},
{t:"designed round laptop computers because of the flexibility they offer",p:8,x:188,y:711,w:526,h:22},
{t:".",p:8,x:740,y:711,w:4,h:22},
{t:"Palmtop (or PDA) computer",p:8,x:188,y:769,w:296,h:25},
{t:"This type of computer is increasing",p:8,x:188,y:797,w:269,h:22},
{t:"in popularity, and is of ten called a",p:8,x:188,y:821,w:268,h:22},
{t:"Personal Digital Assistant (PD A).",p:8,x:188,y:845,w:264,h:22},
{t:"A palmtop computer is small",p:8,x:188,y:893,w:223,h:22},
{t:"enough to fit in your pocket.",p:8,x:188,y:917,w:219,h:22},
{t:"It combines a lot of capabilities,",p:8,x:188,y:965,w:244,h:22},
{t:"including organiser features (such",p:8,x:188,y:989,w:259,h:22},
{t:"as storing contact numbers, names",p:8,x:188,y:1013,w:262,h:22},
{t:"and addresses, etc.), e-mail and",p:8,x:188,y:1037,w:241,h:22},
{t:"wireless internet access.",p:8,x:188,y:1061,w:179,h:22},
{t:"Palmtops have small keyboards and most let you open menus and select icons",p:8,x:188,y:1109,w:601,h:22},
{t:"by using a special pen or stylus. Most let you enter data by writing with the",p:8,x:188,y:1133,w:573,h:22},
{t:"stylus. They are powered by batteries and store their data on removable",p:8,x:188,y:1157,w:552,h:22},
{t:"memory units called flash cards.",p:8,x:188,y:1181,w:249,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:8,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"3",p:9,x:786,y:1292,w:6,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:9,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:9,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"You can run a wide range of sof",p:9,x:163,y:179,w:248,h:22},
{t:"tware on palmtops, for example simple word",p:9,x:420,y:179,w:345,h:22},
{t:"processing, database and spreadsheet software as well as useful applications",p:9,x:163,y:203,w:576,h:22},
{t:"such as electronic diaries. Many modern palmtops:",p:9,x:163,y:227,w:390,h:22},
{t:"•",p:9,x:163,y:258,w:11,h:22},
{t:"are converging with mobile phones to let you access the internet",p:9,x:210,y:258,w:492,h:22},
{t:"•",p:9,x:163,y:282,w:11,h:22},
{t:"have wireless communications to let you access your local area network.",p:9,x:210,y:282,w:554,h:22},
{t:"Hardware Devices",p:9,x:163,y:339,w:272,h:35},
{t:"There are three categories of device that can be attached to computers we need",p:9,x:163,y:379,w:607,h:22},
{t:"to know about:",p:9,x:163,y:403,w:117,h:22},
{t:"•",p:9,x:163,y:434,w:11,h:22},
{t:"input devices",p:9,x:210,y:434,w:100,h:22},
{t:"•",p:9,x:163,y:458,w:11,h:22},
{t:"output devices",p:9,x:210,y:458,w:110,h:22},
{t:"•",p:9,x:163,y:482,w:11,h:22},
{t:"backing storage devices.",p:9,x:210,y:482,w:183,h:22},
{t:"The use of input devices and output devices are quite obvious – giving",p:9,x:163,y:530,w:542,h:22},
{t:"computers instr uctions and displaying results. Backing storage is the permanent",p:9,x:163,y:554,w:613,h:22},
{t:"record of work completed. F",p:9,x:163,y:578,w:220,h:22},
{t:"iles or programs saved to these devices can be",p:9,x:393,y:578,w:352,h:22},
{t:"loaded later .",p:9,x:163,y:602,w:99,h:22},
{t:"Input devices",p:9,x:163,y:659,w:172,h:29},
{t:"A large number of different devices are to allow users to give information, or",p:9,x:163,y:692,w:589,h:22},
{t:"input, to the computer . Text, numbers, sound, graphics, video, movement,",p:9,x:163,y:716,w:587,h:23},
{t:"heat, touch, etc., can all be entered using the correct device.",p:9,x:163,y:740,w:457,h:22},
{t:"Output devices",p:9,x:163,y:798,w:191,h:29},
{t:"Output is usually limited to text, sound and pictures. P",p:9,x:163,y:831,w:426,h:23},
{t:"ermanent paper copies",p:9,x:607,y:831,w:174,h:22},
{t:"are produced using printers and plotters.",p:9,x:163,y:855,w:309,h:22},
{t:"Printers use different technologies to produce paper ",p:9,x:163,y:903,w:398,h:22},
{t:"hard copies (printouts).",p:9,x:582,y:903,w:186,h:23},
{t:"Backing storage",p:9,x:163,y:961,w:208,h:29},
{t:"In recent years backing storage devices",p:9,x:163,y:993,w:306,h:23},
{t:" have increased dramatically in their",p:9,x:479,y:993,w:278,h:22},
{t:"variety and also the amount (capacity) of storage. This has dramatically",p:9,x:163,y:1017,w:547,h:22},
{t:"reduced the cost of storage per gigabyte",p:9,x:163,y:1041,w:301,h:22},
{t:"1 of information.",p:9,x:480,y:1041,w:127,h:22},
{t:"1 Gigabyte: a unit of information equal to one billion (1,073,741,824) bytes or 1024 megabytes",p:9,x:165,y:1223,w:564,h:15},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:9,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:10,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"4",p:10,x:201,y:1291,w:6,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:10,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Types of Input Device F eatured on the DVD",p:10,x:188,y:179,w:626,h:35},
{t:"Trackpad",p:10,x:188,y:219,w:115,h:29},
{t:"Trackpads are found on laptops. The trackpad does the job of the mouse and",p:10,x:188,y:252,w:595,h:22},
{t:"lets you:",p:10,x:188,y:276,w:64,h:22},
{t:"•",p:10,x:188,y:307,w:11,h:22},
{t:"control the cursor by dragging your finger across the pad",p:10,x:236,y:307,w:431,h:22},
{t:"•",p:10,x:188,y:331,w:11,h:22},
{t:"select items from menus or open up files by tapping on the pad.",p:10,x:236,y:331,w:491,h:22},
{t:"Keyboard",p:10,x:188,y:691,w:120,h:29},
{t:"This is the main input device for desktop and laptop systems.",p:10,x:188,y:724,w:470,h:22},
{t:"It has keys for:",p:10,x:188,y:1084,w:111,h:22},
{t:"•",p:10,x:188,y:1115,w:11,h:22},
{t:"text entr y",p:10,x:236,y:1115,w:76,h:22},
{t:"•",p:10,x:188,y:1139,w:11,h:22},
{t:"entering numbers",p:10,x:236,y:1139,w:136,h:22},
{t:"•",p:10,x:188,y:1163,w:11,h:22},
{t:"carrying out special functions such as printing the screen display",p:10,x:236,y:1163,w:488,h:22},
{t:".",p:10,x:746,y:1163,w:4,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:10,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"5",p:11,x:786,y:1292,w:6,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:11,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:11,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Mouse and trackball",p:11,x:165,y:180,w:257,h:29},
{t:"A mouse is the other standard input device supplied with desktop computers.",p:11,x:165,y:213,w:592,h:22},
{t:"It is a pointing device that allows the user to move a pointer or cursor across a",p:11,x:165,y:237,w:596,h:22},
{t:"monitor screen. The mouse is a ver",p:11,x:165,y:261,w:271,h:22},
{t:"y important input device. It helps you to",p:11,x:451,y:261,w:311,h:22},
{t:"do many things, such as:",p:11,x:165,y:285,w:187,h:22},
{t:"•",p:11,x:165,y:315,w:11,h:22},
{t:"controlling the cursor or pointer",p:11,x:212,y:315,w:244,h:22},
{t:"•",p:11,x:165,y:339,w:11,h:22},
{t:"opening up menus",p:11,x:212,y:339,w:144,h:22},
{t:"•",p:11,x:165,y:363,w:11,h:22},
{t:"selecting items from menus by clicking the mouse button",p:11,x:212,y:363,w:438,h:22},
{t:"•",p:11,x:165,y:387,w:11,h:22},
{t:"opening up software by clicking the mouse button",p:11,x:212,y:387,w:384,h:22},
{t:"•",p:11,x:165,y:411,w:11,h:22},
{t:"dragging icons to move them into folders, to save files.",p:11,x:212,y:411,w:419,h:22},
{t:"Recent changes to improve the functionality of ‘mice’ include ",p:11,x:165,y:459,w:474,h:22},
{t:"cordless mice",p:11,x:663,y:459,w:94,h:22},
{t:",",p:11,x:763,y:459,w:4,h:22},
{t:"optical mice",p:11,x:165,y:483,w:89,h:22},
{t:", scroll wheels and extra buttons",p:11,x:259,y:483,w:244,h:22},
{t:".",p:11,x:509,y:483,w:4,h:22},
{t:"A trackball is like an upside-down mouse. Instead of moving the mouse round",p:11,x:165,y:531,w:605,h:22},
{t:"the desk you move the ball you can see in the picture.",p:11,x:165,y:555,w:414,h:22},
{t:"Trackballs were commonly found on laptop or notebook",p:11,x:165,y:603,w:438,h:22},
{t:"computers, but they",p:11,x:628,y:603,w:154,h:22},
{t:"are sometimes replaced with mini-joysticks and trackpads.",p:11,x:165,y:627,w:448,h:22},
{t:"Graphics tablet",p:11,x:165,y:676,w:194,h:29},
{t:"This has a flat surface that can sense the slightest touch. Artists and designers",p:11,x:165,y:709,w:583,h:22},
{t:"use it to enter drawings into a computer system. By dragging a stylus across the",p:11,x:165,y:733,w:603,h:22},
{t:"tablet surface you can draw freehand and the drawing is entered exactly into",p:11,x:165,y:757,w:583,h:22},
{t:"the computer ’s memor y.",p:11,x:165,y:781,w:198,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:11,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:12,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"6",p:12,x:201,y:1291,w:6,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:12,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Digital still camera",p:12,x:188,y:179,w:237,h:29},
{t:"How does it work?",p:12,x:188,y:212,w:141,h:22},
{t:"1.",p:12,x:188,y:236,w:13,h:22},
{t:"A digital camera takes a photograph by using sensors to capture the light",p:12,x:236,y:236,w:554,h:22},
{t:"that comes in through the lens.",p:12,x:236,y:260,w:237,h:22},
{t:"2.",p:12,x:188,y:284,w:13,h:22},
{t:"It then converts the light into binar",p:12,x:236,y:284,w:268,h:22},
{t:"y numbers that are recorded on",p:12,x:519,y:284,w:239,h:22},
{t:"backing storage.",p:12,x:236,y:308,w:124,h:22},
{t:"3.",p:12,x:188,y:332,w:13,h:22},
{t:"This digital version of the photograph can then be displayed on the small",p:12,x:236,y:332,w:562,h:22},
{t:"screen that is set into the camera.",p:12,x:236,y:356,w:253,h:22},
{t:"4.",p:12,x:188,y:380,w:13,h:22},
{t:"A digital camera also has software that lets you delete unwanted photos",p:12,x:236,y:380,w:546,h:22},
{t:"while they are still stored in the camera.",p:12,x:236,y:404,w:306,h:22},
{t:"5.",p:12,x:188,y:428,w:13,h:22},
{t:"You can connect your camera to your PC and transfer your photos across.",p:12,x:236,y:428,w:562,h:22},
{t:"6.",p:12,x:188,y:452,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Once they are in the PC you can edit your photos further by using a",p:12,x:236,y:452,w:521,h:22},
{t:"good graphics package.",p:12,x:236,y:476,w:179,h:22},
{t:"What are the key features to look out for in a digital camera?",p:12,x:188,y:869,w:454,h:22},
{t:"•",p:12,x:188,y:893,w:11,h:22},
{t:"The number of megapixels the camera has.",p:12,x:236,y:893,w:335,h:22},
{t:"A megapixel is a million pixels. This is a measure of how accurately the",p:12,x:236,y:917,w:552,h:22},
{t:"camera captures images. It refers to the number of sensors the camera",p:12,x:236,y:941,w:535,h:22},
{t:"uses to detect the light. The more pixels, the better the quality of pictures",p:12,x:236,y:965,w:560,h:22},
{t:"the camera can take.",p:12,x:236,y:989,w:158,h:22},
{t:"•",p:12,x:188,y:1013,w:11,h:22},
{t:"The amount of onboard memor",p:12,x:236,y:1013,w:249,h:22},
{t:"y the camera has.",p:12,x:497,y:1013,w:135,h:22},
{t:"•",p:12,x:188,y:1037,w:11,h:22},
{t:"The larger the onboard memor",p:12,x:236,y:1037,w:242,h:22},
{t:"y the more photos it can store. Camera",p:12,x:489,y:1037,w:302,h:22},
{t:"memory sticks come in various sizes.",p:12,x:236,y:1061,w:287,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:12,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"7",p:13,x:786,y:1292,w:6,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:13,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:13,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Advantages of a digital camera",p:13,x:165,y:179,w:331,h:25},
{t:"•",p:13,x:165,y:207,w:11,h:22},
{t:"It can hold lots of photos without the need to buy film.",p:13,x:212,y:207,w:421,h:22},
{t:"•",p:13,x:165,y:231,w:11,h:22},
{t:"You can see what your photo is like straight away and you can delete any",p:13,x:212,y:231,w:560,h:22},
{t:"you do not want.",p:13,x:212,y:255,w:131,h:22},
{t:"•",p:13,x:165,y:279,w:11,h:22},
{t:"The photos are digital so you can transfer them to your PC and then do",p:13,x:212,y:279,w:551,h:22},
{t:"all sorts of things with them such as edit, print, store on a writeable CD,",p:13,x:212,y:303,w:551,h:22},
{t:"attach to an e-mail.",p:13,x:212,y:327,w:148,h:22},
{t:"•",p:13,x:165,y:351,w:11,h:22},
{t:"You do not need to have photos developed, saving time and money",p:13,x:212,y:351,w:520,h:22},
{t:".",p:13,x:754,y:351,w:4,h:22},
{t:"Digital video camera",p:13,x:165,y:409,w:260,h:29},
{t:"How does it work?",p:13,x:165,y:442,w:141,h:22},
{t:"A digital video camera captures moving images using technology similar to",p:13,x:165,y:466,w:575,h:22},
{t:"that used by a still digital camera.",p:13,x:165,y:490,w:256,h:22},
{t:"•I",p:13,x:165,y:538,w:18,h:22},
{t:"t uses light sensors to capture the images.",p:13,x:219,y:538,w:313,h:23},
{t:"•",p:13,x:165,y:562,w:11,h:22},
{t:"The images are then changed into binar",p:13,x:212,y:562,w:308,h:22},
{t:"y numbers.",p:13,x:536,y:562,w:85,h:22},
{t:"•",p:13,x:165,y:586,w:11,h:22},
{t:"The binar y numbers are then stored in files on the camera’s backing",p:13,x:212,y:586,w:529,h:22},
{t:"storage.",p:13,x:212,y:610,w:59,h:22},
{t:"What are the key features of a video camera?",p:13,x:165,y:658,w:332,h:22},
{t:"The accuracy of the image sensors used to take the film. This is measured by",p:13,x:165,y:682,w:591,h:22},
{t:"the number of pixels that the camera uses to capture the images.",p:13,x:165,y:706,w:493,h:22},
{t:"Backing storage",p:13,x:165,y:763,w:175,h:25},
{t:"This varies in size and type. Some of the latest types use D",p:13,x:165,y:791,w:449,h:22},
{t:"VDs to store their",p:13,x:637,y:791,w:136,h:22},
{t:"video files. They can hold up to two hours of video each or over 2000 still",p:13,x:165,y:815,w:566,h:22},
{t:"photos. Once filming is complete the D",p:13,x:165,y:839,w:305,h:22},
{t:"VD can be viewed in a D VD player or",p:13,x:484,y:839,w:303,h:22},
{t:"transferred to a PC for editing.",p:13,x:165,y:863,w:234,h:22},
{t:"The type of display screen available on the camera",p:13,x:165,y:921,w:543,h:25},
{t:"Some have small touch-sensitive screens that allow you to make selections and",p:13,x:165,y:949,w:604,h:22},
{t:"edit your film. Others have small eyepieces that you hold up to your eye to",p:13,x:165,y:973,w:576,h:22},
{t:"view what you have just filmed.",p:13,x:165,y:997,w:245,h:22},
{t:"Touch-sensitive screens are display screens that are sensitive to the touch of a",p:13,x:165,y:1041,w:586,h:22},
{t:"finger or stylus. They are often used with custom-designed applications so that",p:13,x:165,y:1065,w:600,h:22},
{t:"the on-screen buttons are large enough to be pressed with the finger",p:13,x:165,y:1089,w:520,h:22},
{t:".",p:13,x:710,y:1089,w:4,h:22},
{t:"Applications are typically ver",p:13,x:165,y:1113,w:222,h:22},
{t:"y specialised and greatly simplified so they can be",p:13,x:400,y:1113,w:380,h:22},
{t:"used by anyone. However",p:13,x:165,y:1137,w:200,h:22},
{t:", touch-sensitive screens are also ver",p:13,x:372,y:1137,w:277,h:22},
{t:"y popular on",p:13,x:665,y:1137,w:98,h:22},
{t:"Personal Digital Assistants (PD",p:13,x:165,y:1161,w:239,h:22},
{t:"As) and full-sized computers with standard",p:13,x:414,y:1161,w:328,h:22},
{t:"applications, where a stylus is required for precise interaction with screen objects.",p:13,x:165,y:1185,w:620,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:13,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:14,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"8",p:14,x:201,y:1291,w:6,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:14,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"The onboard editing features",p:14,x:188,y:179,w:309,h:25},
{t:"The software that comes with the camera can be quite powerful offering the",p:14,x:188,y:207,w:584,h:22},
{t:"user a whole range of features such as:",p:14,x:188,y:231,w:293,h:22},
{t:"•",p:14,x:188,y:262,w:11,h:22},
{t:"focus",p:14,x:236,y:262,w:40,h:22},
{t:"•",p:14,x:188,y:286,w:11,h:22},
{t:"adjustable lighting",p:14,x:236,y:286,w:142,h:22},
{t:"•",p:14,x:188,y:310,w:11,h:22},
{t:"infrared",p:14,x:236,y:310,w:61,h:22},
{t:"•",p:14,x:188,y:334,w:11,h:22},
{t:"zoom",p:14,x:236,y:334,w:43,h:22},
{t:"•",p:14,x:188,y:358,w:11,h:22},
{t:"special effects.",p:14,x:236,y:358,w:108,h:22},
{t:"Webcam",p:14,x:188,y:416,w:107,h:29},
{t:"This is a digital camera that is used to take photos and then send them across",p:14,x:188,y:449,w:591,h:22},
{t:"the internet. Webcams capture and transmit still photographs that can be",p:14,x:188,y:473,w:561,h:22},
{t:"updated at various speeds, from one frame ever",p:14,x:188,y:497,w:364,h:22},
{t:"y few minutes, to full",p:14,x:571,y:497,w:164,h:22},
{t:"streaming video, depending on the speed of the computer system and the",p:14,x:188,y:521,w:563,h:22},
{t:"software settings.",p:14,x:188,y:545,w:130,h:22},
{t:"The technology for capturing the images is similar to that used in the other",p:14,x:188,y:593,w:573,h:22},
{t:"digital cameras.",p:14,x:188,y:617,w:120,h:22},
{t:"The difference is that once an image is captured it is transmitted automatically",p:14,x:188,y:665,w:599,h:22},
{t:"to a computer system. W ebcam software in the computer system then transfers",p:14,x:188,y:688,w:614,h:22},
{t:"it to a web page.",p:14,x:188,y:712,w:127,h:22},
{t:"What are webcams used for?",p:14,x:537,y:760,w:211,h:22},
{t:"They are used for a wide range of",p:14,x:537,y:784,w:260,h:22},
{t:"purposes; some examples are to:",p:14,x:537,y:808,w:251,h:22},
{t:"•",p:14,x:537,y:839,w:11,h:22},
{t:"set up videoconferencing",p:14,x:566,y:839,w:189,h:22},
{t:"•",p:14,x:537,y:863,w:11,h:22},
{t:"monitor traffic",p:14,x:566,y:863,w:111,h:22},
{t:"•",p:14,x:537,y:887,w:11,h:22},
{t:"advertise tourist sites",p:14,x:566,y:887,w:157,h:22},
{t:"•",p:14,x:537,y:911,w:11,h:22},
{t:"advertise businesses.",p:14,x:566,y:911,w:155,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:14,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"9",p:15,x:786,y:1292,w:6,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:15,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:15,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Types of Output Device F",p:15,x:165,y:177,w:374,h:35},
{t:"eatured on the DVD",p:15,x:516,y:177,w:291,h:35},
{t:"Printer",p:15,x:165,y:217,w:85,h:29},
{t:"Computers were supposed to bring about the dream of a ‘",p:15,x:165,y:250,w:449,h:22},
{t:"paperless office",p:15,x:634,y:250,w:121,h:23},
{t:"’.",p:15,x:763,y:250,w:9,h:22},
{t:"This now looks ver y unlikely to happen because paper has got some",p:15,x:165,y:274,w:534,h:22},
{t:"advantages over computers when looking at information.",p:15,x:165,y:298,w:439,h:22},
{t:"•",p:15,x:165,y:346,w:11,h:22},
{t:"It is ver y portable. The information on a sheet of paper is easily passed",p:15,x:212,y:346,w:556,h:23},
{t:"around, and many people can look at the information at the same time.",p:15,x:212,y:370,w:554,h:22},
{t:"•",p:15,x:165,y:394,w:11,h:22},
{t:"It is cheap. Initial costs of computers means there is no comparison with",p:15,x:212,y:394,w:552,h:22},
{t:"the cost of using paper",p:15,x:212,y:418,w:171,h:22},
{t:".",p:15,x:391,y:418,w:4,h:22},
{t:"•",p:15,x:165,y:442,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Not everyone has computer equipment to view information, or it may",p:15,x:212,y:442,w:548,h:22},
{t:"be difficult to use computers in some situations.",p:15,x:212,y:466,w:364,h:22},
{t:"Paper copies, or hard copies , of information will always be needed. P",p:15,x:165,y:514,w:545,h:23},
{t:"rinters",p:15,x:725,y:514,w:49,h:22},
{t:"(and plotters) are used to produce these hard copies. The main different types",p:15,x:165,y:538,w:596,h:22},
{t:"of printer, and how they are compared against each other",p:15,x:165,y:562,w:446,h:22},
{t:", are explained below",p:15,x:628,y:562,w:163,h:22},
{t:".",p:15,x:798,y:562,w:4,h:22},
{t:"Laser printer",p:15,x:165,y:611,w:138,h:25},
{t:"This type of printer is the main one used in schools, offices and industr",p:15,x:165,y:639,w:542,h:22},
{t:"y",p:15,x:736,y:639,w:8,h:22},
{t:"because it produces high-quality printouts ver",p:15,x:165,y:663,w:352,h:22},
{t:"y quickly, with good resolution.",p:15,x:536,y:663,w:244,h:22},
{t:"It uses a laser to make a negative electrical image of the page on a positively",p:15,x:165,y:687,w:585,h:22},
{t:"charged dr um, which then picks up positively charged toner",p:15,x:165,y:711,w:465,h:22},
{t:". The drum rolls",p:15,x:648,y:711,w:130,h:22},
{t:"over the paper and the toner is heated to print on to the page. The toner",p:15,x:165,y:735,w:556,h:22},
{t:"cartridge gives many copies before needing replaced keeping running costs down.",p:15,x:165,y:759,w:626,h:22},
{t:"While it is the most expensive to buy",p:15,x:165,y:807,w:283,h:22},
{t:", especially for colour",p:15,x:460,y:807,w:163,h:22},
{t:", the price of this",p:15,x:631,y:807,w:129,h:22},
{t:"printer has fallen dramatically",p:15,x:165,y:831,w:229,h:22},
{t:".",p:15,x:404,y:831,w:4,h:22},
{t:"Laser printers are generally more expensive than inkjet printers, but their",p:15,x:165,y:879,w:561,h:22},
{t:"running costs are lower",p:15,x:165,y:903,w:179,h:22},
{t:".",p:15,x:351,y:903,w:4,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:15,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:16,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"10",p:16,x:197,y:1291,w:12,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:16,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Inkjet printer",p:16,x:187,y:177,w:138,h:25},
{t:"Basic models of this type of printer are cheap to buy",p:16,x:187,y:205,w:398,h:22},
{t:", and let you print in ",p:16,x:604,y:205,w:162,h:22},
{t:"colour",p:16,x:776,y:205,w:49,h:22},
{t:".",p:16,x:820,y:205,w:4,h:22},
{t:"The quality of the best inkjets can be very high and can be used for photographs.",p:16,x:187,y:229,w:623,h:22},
{t:"Inkjet printers spray special ink on the paper to form characters and graphics.",p:16,x:187,y:277,w:591,h:22},
{t:"The cost of replacing ink cartridges can be high with this type of printer",p:16,x:187,y:325,w:546,h:22},
{t:"because they need replaced frequently",p:16,x:187,y:349,w:294,h:22},
{t:". They print quite quickly",p:16,x:494,y:349,w:200,h:22},
{t:", but can be",p:16,x:702,y:349,w:89,h:22},
{t:"quite slow when printing graphics.",p:16,x:187,y:373,w:266,h:22},
{t:"They are slower than laser printers.",p:16,x:187,y:421,w:271,h:22},
{t:"Comparing printers",p:16,x:187,y:479,w:210,h:25},
{t:"When we compare printers we should look at the following characteristics.",p:16,x:187,y:507,w:573,h:22},
{t:"•",p:16,x:188,y:556,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:16,x:188,y:555,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:16,x:187,y:556,w:11,h:23},
{t:"Set-up costs",p:16,x:235,y:556,w:117,h:23},
{t:"Set-up costs",p:16,x:235,y:555,w:117,h:23},
{t:"Set-up costs",p:16,x:235,y:556,w:117,h:23},
{t:"This is a little tricky because it seems at first that inkjet printers are really",p:16,x:235,y:582,w:556,h:22},
{t:"cheap. The initial cost or capital cost can be ver",p:16,x:235,y:606,w:365,h:22},
{t:"y low with a new inkjet",p:16,x:621,y:606,w:180,h:22},
{t:"printer costing as little as £60. This is not the whole stor",p:16,x:235,y:630,w:425,h:22},
{t:"y because inkjets",p:16,x:684,y:630,w:128,h:22},
{t:"can have expensive r",p:16,x:235,y:654,w:156,h:22},
{t:"unning costs.",p:16,x:399,y:654,w:101,h:22},
{t:"•",p:16,x:188,y:699,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:16,x:188,y:698,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:16,x:187,y:698,w:11,h:23},
{t:"Running costs",p:16,x:235,y:699,w:134,h:23},
{t:"Running costs",p:16,x:235,y:698,w:134,h:23},
{t:"Running costs",p:16,x:235,y:698,w:134,h:23},
{t:"After you buy a printer these other costs become important.",p:16,x:235,y:724,w:457,h:22},
{t:"‘Consumables’ (ink refills, toner for laser printers, special paper) need to",p:16,x:235,y:748,w:556,h:22},
{t:"be bought regularly and the cost of these var",p:16,x:235,y:772,w:339,h:22},
{t:"y from printer to printer",p:16,x:592,y:772,w:184,h:22},
{t:".",p:16,x:785,y:772,w:4,h:22},
{t:"Colour inkjet cartridges can be ver",p:16,x:235,y:796,w:266,h:22},
{t:"y expensive at around £20 each.",p:16,x:515,y:796,w:244,h:22},
{t:"Depending on how much printing you do you can soon end up paying",p:16,x:235,y:820,w:544,h:22},
{t:"more for the ink than the printer itself!",p:16,x:235,y:844,w:295,h:22},
{t:"The cost of repairs may also need to be considered for expensive printers.",p:16,x:187,y:888,w:564,h:22},
{t:"•",p:16,x:188,y:933,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:16,x:188,y:933,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:16,x:187,y:933,w:11,h:23},
{t:"Resolution",p:16,x:235,y:933,w:97,h:23},
{t:"Resolution",p:16,x:235,y:933,w:97,h:23},
{t:"Resolution",p:16,x:235,y:933,w:97,h:23},
{t:"Resolution is measured in dots per inch (shortened to dpi). This is used",p:16,x:235,y:959,w:546,h:22},
{t:"to measure the quality of the printout. Let us take the example of a",p:16,x:235,y:983,w:516,h:22},
{t:"resolution of 300 dots per inch. That means that for each square inch",p:16,x:235,y:1007,w:528,h:22},
{t:"there are 300 x 300 dots = 90,000 dots. The higher the number of dots",p:16,x:235,y:1031,w:540,h:22},
{t:"per inch the sharper and clearer the image will be.",p:16,x:235,y:1055,w:387,h:22},
{t:"•",p:16,x:188,y:1100,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:16,x:188,y:1099,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:16,x:187,y:1100,w:11,h:23},
{t:"Speed",p:16,x:235,y:1100,w:59,h:23},
{t:"Speed",p:16,x:235,y:1099,w:59,h:23},
{t:"Speed",p:16,x:235,y:1100,w:59,h:23},
{t:"We should look at how long they take to print a page. Different printers",p:16,x:235,y:1126,w:552,h:22},
{t:"have different printing speeds. Measured in ‘pages per minute’ (ppm),",p:16,x:235,y:1150,w:539,h:22},
{t:"faster printers are normally more expensive and are often networked to",p:16,x:235,y:1174,w:547,h:22},
{t:"allow many users to take advantage of the speed.",p:16,x:235,y:1198,w:377,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:16,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"11",p:17,x:783,y:1292,w:12,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:17,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:17,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Comparison table",p:17,x:165,y:180,w:191,h:25},
{t:"Printer",p:17,x:174,y:231,w:56,h:23},
{t:"Set-up cost",p:17,x:297,y:231,w:89,h:23},
{t:"Running cost",p:17,x:410,y:231,w:111,h:23},
{t:"Speed",p:17,x:561,y:231,w:46,h:23},
{t:"Resolution",p:17,x:672,y:231,w:86,h:23},
{t:"Laser",p:17,x:174,y:280,w:42,h:22},
{t:"High",p:17,x:297,y:280,w:41,h:22},
{t:"Low",p:17,x:410,y:280,w:37,h:22},
{t:"Fast",p:17,x:561,y:280,w:31,h:22},
{t:"High",p:17,x:672,y:280,w:41,h:22},
{t:"Colour laser",p:17,x:174,y:328,w:95,h:22},
{t:"Very high",p:17,x:297,y:328,w:76,h:22},
{t:"High",p:17,x:410,y:328,w:41,h:22},
{t:"Fast",p:17,x:561,y:328,w:31,h:22},
{t:"High",p:17,x:672,y:328,w:41,h:22},
{t:"Inkjet",p:17,x:174,y:376,w:45,h:22},
{t:"Low",p:17,x:297,y:376,w:37,h:22},
{t:"High",p:17,x:410,y:376,w:41,h:22},
{t:"Quite fast",p:17,x:561,y:376,w:74,h:22},
{t:"Very high",p:17,x:673,y:376,w:76,h:22},
{t:"LCD (liquid-crystal display)",p:17,x:165,y:433,w:345,h:29},
{t:"These screens are flat, need only a small amount of power to r",p:17,x:165,y:466,w:481,h:22},
{t:"un and can be",p:17,x:670,y:466,w:110,h:22},
{t:"powered by batteries. They do not weigh as much as ordinar",p:17,x:165,y:490,w:467,h:22},
{t:"y monitors. This",p:17,x:655,y:490,w:128,h:22},
{t:"means they are ideal for use on laptops and palmtops. Liquid cr",p:17,x:165,y:514,w:493,h:22},
{t:"ystals work by",p:17,x:683,y:514,w:108,h:22},
{t:"blocking light reflected from behind, so the screens cannot be read in the dark",p:17,x:165,y:538,w:599,h:22},
{t:"unless they are backlit.",p:17,x:165,y:562,w:173,h:22},
{t:"TFT (thin-film transistor)",p:17,x:165,y:611,w:309,h:29},
{t:"TFT is a type of LCD screen that has more complex electronics than an",p:17,x:165,y:644,w:555,h:22},
{t:"ordinar y passive LCD. It uses arrays of transistors to control backlighting of the",p:17,x:165,y:668,w:609,h:22},
{t:"screen actively. These enable it to display graphics and animations much more",p:17,x:165,y:692,w:607,h:22},
{t:"clearly and quickly than an ordinar",p:17,x:165,y:716,w:270,h:22},
{t:"y LCD and can display moving graphics",p:17,x:450,y:716,w:310,h:22},
{t:"without ‘shadowing’.",p:17,x:165,y:740,w:161,h:22},
{t:"Sound card",p:17,x:165,y:788,w:146,h:29},
{t:"A sound card captures sounds and changes them into digital form: patterns of",p:17,x:165,y:821,w:591,h:22},
{t:"binary numbers that are stored as files in your computer",p:17,x:165,y:845,w:433,h:22},
{t:".",p:17,x:616,y:845,w:4,h:22},
{t:"When outputting sounds the sound card reverses the process and changes the",p:17,x:165,y:893,w:588,h:22},
{t:"binary data held in the sound files into analogue signals that are used to",p:17,x:165,y:917,w:551,h:22},
{t:"control the speakers attached to the computer",p:17,x:165,y:941,w:350,h:22},
{t:". Speakers convert analogue",p:17,x:531,y:941,w:214,h:22},
{t:"audio signals into the equivalent air vibrations in order to make audible",p:17,x:165,y:965,w:552,h:22},
{t:"sound. A pair of speakers plugs into the computer",p:17,x:165,y:989,w:382,h:22},
{t:"’s sound card.",p:17,x:566,y:989,w:105,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:17,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:18,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"12",p:18,x:197,y:1291,w:12,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:18,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"More about capturing sound files",p:18,x:188,y:178,w:356,h:25},
{t:"A microphone can be used to input sound. It converts sound waves into",p:18,x:193,y:206,w:550,h:22},
{t:"analogue electrical waves. Usually called a ‘mike’, it contains a flexible",p:18,x:193,y:230,w:544,h:22},
{t:"diaphragm composed of film or foil that vibrates as it makes contact with the sound.",p:18,x:193,y:254,w:645,h:22},
{t:"When capturing music, for example, a sound card takes thousands of samples",p:18,x:193,y:302,w:595,h:22},
{t:"of the sound waves each second, turns the samples into patterns of binar",p:18,x:193,y:326,w:552,h:22},
{t:"y",p:18,x:774,y:326,w:8,h:22},
{t:"numbers and then stores them in files.",p:18,x:193,y:350,w:293,h:22},
{t:"The process of taking thousands of samples and turning them into binar",p:18,x:193,y:398,w:552,h:22},
{t:"y",p:18,x:773,y:398,w:8,h:22},
{t:"numbers is ver y demanding on the main processor",p:18,x:193,y:422,w:396,h:22},
{t:".",p:18,x:601,y:422,w:4,h:22},
{t:"For example, if a system is sampling at the standard rate of 44.1 Khz and",p:18,x:193,y:470,w:558,h:22},
{t:"each sample is stored as a 16-bit binar",p:18,x:193,y:494,w:290,h:22},
{t:"y number then the processor has to",p:18,x:500,y:494,w:269,h:22},
{t:"convert and store 441,000 16-bit binar",p:18,x:193,y:518,w:289,h:22},
{t:"y numbers each second.",p:18,x:498,y:518,w:182,h:22},
{t:"To make it easier for the system, a sound card has its own processor that",p:18,x:193,y:566,w:554,h:22},
{t:"relieves the computer",p:18,x:193,y:590,w:165,h:22},
{t:"’s main processor of all of this extra work, which would",p:18,x:367,y:590,w:426,h:22},
{t:"slow it down.",p:18,x:193,y:614,w:104,h:22},
{t:"Graphics card",p:18,x:193,y:663,w:179,h:29},
{t:"Today’s applications use a lot of graphics. Even standard applications such as",p:18,x:193,y:696,w:592,h:22},
{t:"spreadsheets r un on operating systems with a WIMP HCI. This means that",p:18,x:193,y:720,w:585,h:22},
{t:"all applications need graphical items to r",p:18,x:193,y:744,w:310,h:22},
{t:"un, such as windows, icons, and",p:18,x:520,y:744,w:245,h:22},
{t:"drop-down menus.",p:18,x:193,y:768,w:148,h:22},
{t:"We also use multimedia and",p:18,x:193,y:816,w:219,h:22},
{t:"presentation software that",p:18,x:193,y:840,w:197,h:22},
{t:"incorporate graphics, animations",p:18,x:193,y:864,w:251,h:22},
{t:"and even video.",p:18,x:193,y:888,w:122,h:22},
{t:"Gaming software makes the",p:18,x:193,y:936,w:217,h:22},
{t:"heaviest demands on the graphics",p:18,x:193,y:960,w:257,h:22},
{t:"facilities of our computers with its",p:18,x:193,y:984,w:257,h:22},
{t:"use of three-dimensional graphics",p:18,x:193,y:1008,w:258,h:22},
{t:"and realistic animations.",p:18,x:193,y:1032,w:186,h:22},
{t:"Graphics cards are designed to",p:18,x:193,y:1080,w:233,h:22},
{t:"support the need for increasingly complex graphics. Like sound cards,",p:18,x:193,y:1104,w:536,h:22},
{t:"graphics cards have their own processor dedicated to producing the graphics",p:18,x:193,y:1128,w:581,h:22},
{t:"and relieving the main system processor of the job.",p:18,x:193,y:1152,w:391,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:18,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"13",p:19,x:783,y:1292,w:12,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:19,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:19,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Graphics cards also have their own memor",p:19,x:169,y:179,w:329,h:22},
{t:"y dedicated to handling the",p:19,x:516,y:179,w:209,h:22},
{t:"graphic data, relieving the pressure on the system’s main memor",p:19,x:169,y:203,w:497,h:22},
{t:"y. The",p:19,x:692,y:203,w:48,h:22},
{t:"processor loads in the graphic file, which is made up of binar",p:19,x:169,y:227,w:467,h:22},
{t:"y numbers and",p:19,x:661,y:227,w:117,h:22},
{t:"then outputs the graphic as a stream of signals to control the output on the monitor",p:19,x:169,y:251,w:636,h:22},
{t:".",p:19,x:786,y:251,w:4,h:22},
{t:"Types of Backing Storage Featured",p:19,x:165,y:299,w:533,h:35},
{t:"on the DVD",p:19,x:165,y:339,w:166,h:35},
{t:"Backing storage devices are hardware that is used to store the programs and",p:19,x:165,y:379,w:580,h:22},
{t:"data that the computer can access. Unlike R",p:19,x:165,y:403,w:338,h:22},
{t:"AM (or working) memor",p:19,x:519,y:403,w:193,h:22},
{t:"y the",p:19,x:722,y:403,w:37,h:22},
{t:"contents of backing storage will not be lost when power to the computer",p:19,x:165,y:427,w:573,h:23},
{t:"system is turned off",p:19,x:165,y:451,w:147,h:22},
{t:".",p:19,x:319,y:451,w:4,h:22},
{t:"The three types of backing storage hardware we need to know are:",p:19,x:165,y:499,w:514,h:22},
{t:"•",p:19,x:165,y:531,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:19,x:165,y:530,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:19,x:165,y:531,w:11,h:23},
{t:"magnetic drive",p:19,x:212,y:531,w:138,h:23},
{t:"magnetic drive",p:19,x:212,y:530,w:138,h:23},
{t:"magnetic drive",p:19,x:212,y:531,w:138,h:23},
{t:"–",p:19,x:212,y:557,w:9,h:22},
{t:"hard disk drive",p:19,x:259,y:557,w:114,h:22},
{t:"–",p:19,x:212,y:581,w:9,h:22},
{t:"floppy disk drive",p:19,x:259,y:581,w:128,h:22},
{t:"–",p:19,x:212,y:605,w:10,h:22},
{t:"magnetic tape drive",p:19,x:259,y:605,w:151,h:22},
{t:"•",p:19,x:165,y:654,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:19,x:165,y:653,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:19,x:165,y:653,w:11,h:23},
{t:"optical drive",p:19,x:212,y:654,w:115,h:23},
{t:"optical drive",p:19,x:212,y:653,w:115,h:23},
{t:"optical drive",p:19,x:212,y:653,w:115,h:23},
{t:"–",p:19,x:212,y:679,w:10,h:22},
{t:"CD drive (ROM and RW)",p:19,x:259,y:679,w:202,h:22},
{t:"–",p:19,x:212,y:703,w:10,h:22},
{t:"DVD drive (ROM and R W)",p:19,x:259,y:703,w:223,h:22},
{t:"•",p:19,x:165,y:752,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:19,x:165,y:752,w:11,h:23},
{t:"•",p:19,x:165,y:752,w:11,h:23},
{t:"flash drive",p:19,x:212,y:752,w:97,h:23},
{t:"flash drive",p:19,x:212,y:752,w:97,h:23},
{t:"flash drive",p:19,x:212,y:752,w:97,h:23},
{t:"Hard disk drive",p:19,x:165,y:812,w:191,h:29},
{t:"This is a type of magnetic backing storage. This means, as with a floppy disk",p:19,x:165,y:845,w:589,h:22},
{t:"drive, it uses magnetism to encode and store data. Hard drives consist of stacks",p:19,x:165,y:869,w:603,h:22},
{t:"of non-removable platters coated with magnetic materials – each with its own",p:19,x:165,y:893,w:597,h:22},
{t:"read/write head. Hard disk drives are built into desktops and laptops.",p:19,x:165,y:917,w:533,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:19,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:20,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"14",p:20,x:197,y:1291,w:12,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:20,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"The key features of hard disk drives are:",p:20,x:188,y:179,w:309,h:22},
{t:"•",p:20,x:188,y:210,w:11,h:22},
{t:"They read and write data ver",p:20,x:236,y:210,w:224,h:22},
{t:"y quickly.",p:20,x:472,y:210,w:76,h:22},
{t:"•",p:20,x:188,y:234,w:11,h:22},
{t:"They can hold large quantities of data.",p:20,x:236,y:234,w:297,h:22},
{t:"The capacity of a hard disk is measured in gigabytes. It holds much",p:20,x:236,y:258,w:517,h:22},
{t:"more data than a CD -ROM. The capacity of a CD",p:20,x:236,y:282,w:399,h:22},
{t:"-ROM is measured in",p:20,x:646,y:282,w:167,h:22},
{t:"megabytes. To find the capacity of the latest hard drive you should look",p:20,x:236,y:306,w:554,h:22},
{t:"in the latest computer magazines or search the internet.",p:20,x:236,y:330,w:425,h:22},
{t:"Hard disk drives use random/direct access to locate data stored on the disk.",p:20,x:193,y:378,w:577,h:22},
{t:"Magnetic tape drive",p:20,x:188,y:436,w:248,h:29},
{t:"This storage device is mostly used for backups because, although tape can store",p:20,x:188,y:469,w:607,h:22},
{t:"a lot of data, it is slower to access. Having to wind through the tape when",p:20,x:188,y:493,w:564,h:22},
{t:"finding files, would make it impracticable to use as the main storage device.",p:20,x:188,y:517,w:582,h:22},
{t:"CD and DVD drives",p:20,x:188,y:574,w:239,h:29},
{t:"Most software is now supplied on optical media such as CD",p:20,x:188,y:607,w:458,h:22},
{t:"-ROMs or DVD-ROMs.",p:20,x:636,y:607,w:185,h:22},
{t:"CD-ROM",p:20,x:188,y:665,w:93,h:25},
{t:"CD-ROM stands for: Compact Disk Read-Only Memory.",p:20,x:188,y:693,w:465,h:23},
{t:"CD-ROM drives use a combination of lasers and sensors to read the data",p:20,x:188,y:741,w:562,h:22},
{t:"stored on the surface of the disks. Like hard disk drives they use direct/random",p:20,x:188,y:765,w:604,h:22},
{t:"access to read data.",p:20,x:188,y:789,w:146,h:22},
{t:"CD-ROMs are read-only devices. They can hold in the region of 700",p:20,x:188,y:837,w:531,h:22},
{t:"megabytes of data.",p:20,x:188,y:861,w:143,h:22},
{t:"DVD-ROM",p:20,x:188,y:919,w:107,h:25},
{t:"DVD-ROM stands for Digital",p:20,x:188,y:946,w:235,h:23},
{t:"Versatile Disk Read Only",p:20,x:188,y:970,w:201,h:23},
{t:"Memory",p:20,x:188,y:994,w:70,h:23},
{t:"A DVD-ROM drive is similar",p:20,x:188,y:1043,w:229,h:22},
{t:"to a CD-ROM drive in that it",p:20,x:188,y:1067,w:229,h:22},
{t:"uses a combination of lasers and",p:20,x:188,y:1091,w:250,h:22},
{t:"sensors to read the data. DVD-",p:20,x:188,y:1115,w:237,h:22},
{t:"ROMs are also read only .",p:20,x:188,y:1139,w:193,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:20,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"15",p:21,x:783,y:1292,w:12,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:21,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:21,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"How are they different?",p:21,x:165,y:178,w:178,h:22},
{t:"A DVD-ROM can store much more data than a CD",p:21,x:165,y:202,w:402,h:22},
{t:"-ROM. A single-sided",p:21,x:583,y:202,w:169,h:22},
{t:"single-layer D VD-ROM can hold 4.7 gigabytes. There are double-sided D",p:21,x:165,y:226,w:576,h:22},
{t:"VD-",p:21,x:761,y:226,w:36,h:22},
{t:"ROMs with several layers that can store up to 17 gigabytes.",p:21,x:165,y:250,w:450,h:22},
{t:"What are they used for?",p:21,x:165,y:619,w:174,h:22},
{t:"DVDs are mainly used for storing movies because the files needed to encode a",p:21,x:165,y:643,w:602,h:22},
{t:"movie are ver y large indeed and are measured in gigabytes.",p:21,x:165,y:667,w:464,h:22},
{t:"CD-Recordable (CD-R)",p:21,x:165,y:725,w:241,h:25},
{t:"This is a CD similar to a CD",p:21,x:165,y:753,w:224,h:22},
{t:"-ROM. The difference is you can store data on",p:21,x:401,y:753,w:358,h:22},
{t:"the CD-R. Standard CD -R disks hold 700 megabytes.",p:21,x:165,y:777,w:420,h:22},
{t:"Using a laser and special dye in the disk a CD",p:21,x:165,y:825,w:354,h:22},
{t:"-Rewriter drive can store your",p:21,x:537,y:825,w:228,h:22},
{t:"data on the CD. Once the data has been burned on to the disk you cannot",p:21,x:165,y:849,w:570,h:22},
{t:"change it, it is read only",p:21,x:165,y:873,w:182,h:22},
{t:".",p:21,x:355,y:873,w:4,h:22},
{t:"CD-Rewriteable (CD-RW)",p:21,x:165,y:921,w:267,h:25},
{t:"Like CD-R, these are compact disks on which you can store data using a CD",p:21,x:165,y:949,w:595,h:22},
{t:"-",p:21,x:785,y:949,w:6,h:22},
{t:"Rewriter drive. The main difference is that you can change the data later on if",p:21,x:165,y:973,w:596,h:22},
{t:"you want to, just as you can on a hard disk.",p:21,x:165,y:997,w:333,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:21,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:22,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"16",p:22,x:197,y:1291,w:12,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:22,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"DVD-Recordable (DVD-R/DVD +R)2",p:22,x:188,y:177,w:371,h:25},
{t:"These are DVD disks that you can write to by using a D",p:22,x:188,y:205,w:435,h:22},
{t:"VD-Rewriter drive.",p:22,x:639,y:205,w:150,h:22},
{t:"DVD-Rewriteable (DVD-RW/DVD+RW)",p:22,x:188,y:250,w:407,h:25},
{t:"These are DVD disks that you can store data on over and over again, with a",p:22,x:188,y:278,w:587,h:22},
{t:"DVD-Rewriter drive. They use similar laser technology to CD",p:22,x:188,y:302,w:482,h:22},
{t:"-RW whereby",p:22,x:693,y:302,w:107,h:22},
{t:"the reflective properties of the disk are altered to represent binar",p:22,x:188,y:326,w:492,h:22},
{t:"y numbers.",p:22,x:708,y:326,w:86,h:22},
{t:"DVD capacity",p:22,x:188,y:370,w:142,h:25},
{t:"•",p:22,x:188,y:398,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Single-sided/single-layer:",p:22,x:236,y:398,w:196,h:22},
{t:"4.7 gigabytes of data – over 2 hours of video",p:22,x:472,y:398,w:338,h:22},
{t:"•",p:22,x:188,y:422,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Single-sided/dual-layer:",p:22,x:236,y:422,w:185,h:22},
{t:"8.5 gigabytes of data – about 4 hours of video",p:22,x:472,y:422,w:348,h:22},
{t:"•",p:22,x:188,y:446,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Double-sided/single-layer:",p:22,x:236,y:446,w:205,h:22},
{t:"9.4 gigabytes of data – about 4.5 hours of video",p:22,x:472,y:446,w:360,h:22},
{t:"•",p:22,x:188,y:470,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Double-sided/mixed-layer:",p:22,x:236,y:470,w:208,h:22},
{t:"13.24 gigabytes of data – about 6.5 hours of video",p:22,x:472,y:470,w:379,h:22},
{t:"•",p:22,x:188,y:494,w:11,h:22},
{t:"Double-sided/dual-layer:",p:22,x:236,y:494,w:195,h:22},
{t:"17 gigabytes of data – over 8 hours of video",p:22,x:472,y:494,w:334,h:22},
{t:"USB backing storage devices",p:22,x:188,y:538,w:374,h:29},
{t:"There is now a wide range of new storage devices that plug straight into the",p:22,x:188,y:571,w:580,h:22},
{t:"USB port on computers. They can store from 8 MB up to (currently) 2 GB of",p:22,x:188,y:595,w:596,h:22},
{t:"data, and are a simple and convenient way of backing up or transferring data.",p:22,x:188,y:619,w:594,h:22},
{t:"Comparison of backing storage",p:22,x:188,y:664,w:400,h:29},
{t:"The table below compares the storage capacity",p:22,x:188,y:697,w:359,h:22},
{t:", access speed, portability and",p:22,x:563,y:697,w:227,h:22},
{t:"media cost of different types of drive.",p:22,x:188,y:721,w:284,h:22},
{t:"Drive",p:22,x:198,y:764,w:44,h:23},
{t:"Capacity",p:22,x:288,y:764,w:69,h:23},
{t:"Transfer",p:22,x:382,y:764,w:66,h:23},
{t:"Portable",p:22,x:496,y:764,w:66,h:23},
{t:"Drive cost",p:22,x:595,y:764,w:80,h:23},
{t:"Media cost",p:22,x:722,y:764,w:85,h:23},
{t:"speed",p:22,x:382,y:788,w:44,h:23},
{t:"Floppy",p:22,x:198,y:838,w:55,h:23},
{t:"Low",p:22,x:288,y:839,w:37,h:22},
{t:"Slow",p:22,x:382,y:839,w:38,h:22},
{t:"Very low",p:22,x:595,y:839,w:69,h:22},
{t:"Very low",p:22,x:722,y:839,w:69,h:22},
{t:"disk",p:22,x:198,y:863,w:33,h:23},
{t:"Hard disk",p:22,x:198,y:911,w:78,h:23},
{t:"Very high",p:22,x:288,y:912,w:75,h:22},
{t:"Very fast",p:22,x:382,y:912,w:66,h:22},
{t:"Low/medium",p:22,x:595,y:912,w:106,h:22},
{t:"NA",p:22,x:722,y:912,w:28,h:22},
{t:"Tape",p:22,x:198,y:961,w:38,h:23},
{t:"Very high",p:22,x:288,y:962,w:75,h:22},
{t:"Fast",p:22,x:382,y:962,w:31,h:22},
{t:"High",p:22,x:595,y:962,w:41,h:22},
{t:"High",p:22,x:722,y:962,w:41,h:22},
{t:"CD",p:22,x:198,y:1012,w:28,h:23},
{t:"High",p:22,x:288,y:1013,w:41,h:22},
{t:"Fast",p:22,x:382,y:1013,w:31,h:22},
{t:"Low",p:22,x:595,y:1013,w:35,h:22},
{t:"-R V ery low",p:22,x:722,y:1010,w:87,h:26},
{t:"-RW Low",p:22,x:722,y:1035,w:79,h:26},
{t:"DVD",p:22,x:198,y:1087,w:43,h:23},
{t:"Very high",p:22,x:288,y:1088,w:75,h:22},
{t:"Fast",p:22,x:382,y:1088,w:31,h:22},
{t:"Low/medium",p:22,x:595,y:1088,w:106,h:22},
{t:"-/+R Low",p:22,x:722,y:1085,w:77,h:26},
{t:"-/+RW Low",p:22,x:722,y:1110,w:93,h:26},
{t:"USB",p:22,x:198,y:1162,w:36,h:23},
{t:"High",p:22,x:288,y:1163,w:41,h:22},
{t:"Fast",p:22,x:382,y:1163,w:31,h:22},
{t:"Low/medium",p:22,x:595,y:1163,w:106,h:22},
{t:"NA",p:22,x:722,y:1163,w:28,h:22},
{t:"Flash",p:22,x:198,y:1187,w:44,h:23},
{t:"2 DVD-R[W] and DVD+R[W] are slightly different formats, but most new DVD-Rewriter drives can",p:22,x:192,y:1224,w:587,h:15},
{t:"handle both types.",p:22,x:201,y:1240,w:114,h:15},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:22,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"17",p:23,x:783,y:1292,w:12,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:23,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:23,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"This table features typical information from 2004 about actual drives. Y",p:23,x:165,y:179,w:546,h:22},
{t:"ou can",p:23,x:736,y:179,w:51,h:22},
{t:"use it to compare how prices, sizes and rates improve over time.",p:23,x:165,y:203,w:493,h:22},
{t:"Drive",p:23,x:174,y:251,w:44,h:23},
{t:"Capacity",p:23,x:305,y:251,w:69,h:23},
{t:"Transfer speed",p:23,x:448,y:251,w:116,h:23},
{t:"Drive cost",p:23,x:590,y:251,w:80,h:23},
{t:"Media cost",p:23,x:694,y:251,w:86,h:23},
{t:"Floppy disk",p:23,x:174,y:299,w:94,h:23},
{t:"1.4 MB",p:23,x:305,y:299,w:59,h:22},
{t:"0.04 Mbps",p:23,x:448,y:299,w:82,h:22},
{t:"£5",p:23,x:590,y:299,w:17,h:22},
{t:"10p a disk",p:23,x:694,y:299,w:77,h:22},
{t:"Hard disk",p:23,x:174,y:347,w:79,h:23},
{t:"100 GB",p:23,x:305,y:347,w:59,h:22},
{t:"100 Mbps",p:23,x:448,y:347,w:76,h:22},
{t:"£50",p:23,x:590,y:347,w:27,h:22},
{t:"NA",p:23,x:694,y:347,w:28,h:22},
{t:"Approx 60000",p:23,x:305,y:371,w:109,h:22},
{t:"2500 x FDD",p:23,x:448,y:371,w:95,h:22},
{t:"FDs",p:23,x:305,y:395,w:33,h:22},
{t:"Tape",p:23,x:174,y:443,w:38,h:23},
{t:"30 GB",p:23,x:305,y:443,w:49,h:22},
{t:"10 Mbps",p:23,x:448,y:443,w:67,h:22},
{t:"£370",p:23,x:590,y:443,w:36,h:22},
{t:"£50",p:23,x:694,y:443,w:27,h:22},
{t:"Approx 20000",p:23,x:305,y:467,w:106,h:22},
{t:"250 x FDD",p:23,x:448,y:467,w:86,h:22},
{t:"FDs",p:23,x:305,y:491,w:33,h:22},
{t:"CD-RW",p:23,x:174,y:539,w:70,h:23},
{t:"700 MB",p:23,x:305,y:539,w:61,h:22},
{t:"30 Mbps",p:23,x:448,y:539,w:67,h:22},
{t:"£25",p:23,x:590,y:539,w:27,h:22},
{t:"-R 13p",p:23,x:694,y:539,w:51,h:22},
{t:"Approx 500",p:23,x:305,y:563,w:91,h:22},
{t:"750 x FDD",p:23,x:448,y:563,w:86,h:22},
{t:"-RW 40p",p:23,x:694,y:563,w:70,h:22},
{t:"FDs",p:23,x:305,y:587,w:33,h:22},
{t:"DVD-RW",p:23,x:174,y:635,w:85,h:23},
{t:"9 GB",p:23,x:305,y:635,w:41,h:22},
{t:"30 Mbps",p:23,x:448,y:635,w:67,h:22},
{t:"£70",p:23,x:590,y:635,w:27,h:22},
{t:"-/+R £1.50",p:23,x:694,y:635,w:82,h:22},
{t:"Approx 6300",p:23,x:305,y:659,w:99,h:22},
{t:"750 x FDD",p:23,x:448,y:659,w:86,h:22},
{t:"-/+RW £2.50",p:23,x:694,y:659,w:100,h:22},
{t:"FDs",p:23,x:305,y:683,w:33,h:22},
{t:"Flash",p:23,x:174,y:731,w:44,h:23},
{t:"256 MB",p:23,x:305,y:731,w:61,h:22},
{t:"1 Mbps",p:23,x:448,y:731,w:58,h:22},
{t:"£45",p:23,x:590,y:731,w:27,h:22},
{t:"NA",p:23,x:694,y:731,w:28,h:22},
{t:"Approx 200",p:23,x:305,y:755,w:91,h:22},
{t:"25 x FDD",p:23,x:448,y:755,w:77,h:22},
{t:"FDs",p:23,x:305,y:779,w:33,h:22},
{t:"MB",p:23,x:165,y:827,w:29,h:22},
{t:"=",p:23,x:212,y:827,w:16,h:22},
{t:"Megabytes",p:23,x:259,y:827,w:82,h:22},
{t:"GB",p:23,x:165,y:851,w:27,h:22},
{t:"=",p:23,x:212,y:851,w:16,h:22},
{t:"Gigabytes",p:23,x:259,y:851,w:76,h:22},
{t:"Mbps=",p:23,x:165,y:875,w:63,h:22},
{t:"Megabits per second",p:23,x:259,y:875,w:158,h:22},
{t:"R",p:23,x:165,y:899,w:11,h:22},
{t:"=",p:23,x:212,y:899,w:16,h:22},
{t:"Recordable",p:23,x:259,y:899,w:85,h:22},
{t:"RW",p:23,x:165,y:923,w:29,h:22},
{t:"=",p:23,x:212,y:923,w:16,h:22},
{t:"Rewriteable",p:23,x:259,y:923,w:91,h:22},
{t:"FD",p:23,x:165,y:947,w:26,h:22},
{t:"=",p:23,x:212,y:947,w:16,h:22},
{t:"Floppy disks",p:23,x:259,y:947,w:98,h:22},
{t:"FDD=",p:23,x:165,y:971,w:63,h:22},
{t:"Floppy disk drive",p:23,x:259,y:971,w:135,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:23,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:24,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"18",p:24,x:197,y:1291,w:12,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:24,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Sequential access to data",p:24,x:191,y:179,w:328,h:29},
{t:"Sequential access means starting at the beginning of a sequence of data and",p:24,x:191,y:212,w:579,h:22},
{t:"going through it one part after another until the computer finds the data it is",p:24,x:191,y:236,w:581,h:22},
{t:"looking for .",p:24,x:191,y:260,w:93,h:22},
{t:"A magnetic tape drive, often used for backing storage, is the best example of",p:24,x:191,y:308,w:584,h:22},
{t:"sequential access. It starts at the beginning of a tape and has to wind for",p:24,x:191,y:332,w:547,h:22},
{t:"ward",p:24,x:768,y:332,w:38,h:22},
{t:"through the tape until it reaches the part it needs.",p:24,x:191,y:356,w:375,h:22},
{t:"This takes time and is not suitable for many computer applications that",p:24,x:191,y:404,w:546,h:22},
{t:"demand fast access to data.",p:24,x:191,y:428,w:206,h:22},
{t:"Random or direct access",p:24,x:191,y:477,w:319,h:29},
{t:"Hard disk drives, floppy drives, CD",p:24,x:191,y:510,w:273,h:22},
{t:"-ROM and DVD drives use direct or",p:24,x:479,y:510,w:284,h:22},
{t:"random access. This means they go straight to the data they need. Unlike",p:24,x:191,y:534,w:564,h:22},
{t:"sequential access tape drives, they do not have to go through all of the disk",p:24,x:191,y:558,w:573,h:22},
{t:"surface one part after another to find the data.",p:24,x:191,y:582,w:350,h:22},
{t:"Because it gives instant",p:24,x:591,y:630,w:175,h:22},
{t:"access to the data, direct or",p:24,x:591,y:654,w:205,h:22},
{t:"random access is used by",p:24,x:591,y:678,w:191,h:22},
{t:"computer systems that need",p:24,x:591,y:701,w:212,h:22},
{t:"to process data straight",p:24,x:591,y:725,w:172,h:22},
{t:"away, unlike sequential",p:24,x:591,y:749,w:181,h:22},
{t:"access, which takes time to",p:24,x:591,y:773,w:210,h:22},
{t:"go through all the data in",p:24,x:591,y:797,w:188,h:22},
{t:"the sequence.",p:24,x:591,y:821,w:105,h:22},
{t:"Examples of use: updating",p:24,x:591,y:869,w:202,h:22},
{t:"bank accounts as money is",p:24,x:591,y:893,w:204,h:22},
{t:"taken out of a cash point",p:24,x:591,y:917,w:189,h:22},
{t:"machine, booking seats on",p:24,x:591,y:941,w:205,h:22},
{t:"a plane.",p:24,x:587,y:965,w:61,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:24,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"19",p:25,x:783,y:1292,w:12,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:25,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:25,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Questions and Tasks",p:25,x:165,y:179,w:316,h:35},
{t:"1.",p:25,x:165,y:219,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Why do large businesses such as banks use mainframe computers?",p:25,x:212,y:219,w:511,h:22},
{t:"2.",p:25,x:165,y:243,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Describe the components of the desktop computer you use in school or",p:25,x:212,y:243,w:546,h:22},
{t:"at home.",p:25,x:212,y:267,w:68,h:22},
{t:"3.",p:25,x:165,y:291,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Complete this table comparing a desktop with a laptop.",p:25,x:212,y:291,w:429,h:22},
{t:"Desktop",p:25,x:377,y:339,w:67,h:23},
{t:"Laptop",p:25,x:623,y:339,w:56,h:23},
{t:"Output",p:25,x:174,y:387,w:59,h:23},
{t:"Ordinar y monitor",p:25,x:377,y:387,w:142,h:22},
{t:"LCD/TFT",p:25,x:623,y:387,w:85,h:22},
{t:"Backing storage",p:25,x:174,y:435,w:124,h:23},
{t:"Hard disk, floppy disk,",p:25,x:377,y:435,w:177,h:22},
{t:"CD/DVD drive",p:25,x:377,y:459,w:122,h:22},
{t:"Power source",p:25,x:174,y:507,w:105,h:23},
{t:"Mains power",p:25,x:377,y:507,w:101,h:22},
{t:"Portable",p:25,x:174,y:555,w:66,h:23},
{t:"No",p:25,x:377,y:555,w:25,h:22},
{t:"4.",p:25,x:165,y:603,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Name three types of sof",p:25,x:212,y:603,w:183,h:22},
{t:"tware that r un on palmtops.",p:25,x:404,y:603,w:221,h:22},
{t:"5.",p:25,x:165,y:627,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Why are palmtops useful?",p:25,x:212,y:627,w:201,h:22},
{t:"6.",p:25,x:165,y:651,w:13,h:22},
{t:"What is the typical capacity of a CD",p:25,x:212,y:651,w:276,h:22},
{t:"-ROM?",p:25,x:503,y:651,w:59,h:22},
{t:"7.",p:25,x:165,y:675,w:13,h:22},
{t:"What are CD -ROMs used for?",p:25,x:212,y:675,w:242,h:22},
{t:"8.",p:25,x:165,y:699,w:13,h:22},
{t:"What is the typical capacity of a D",p:25,x:212,y:699,w:261,h:22},
{t:"VD-ROM?",p:25,x:486,y:699,w:89,h:22},
{t:"9.",p:25,x:165,y:723,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Why are DVD-ROMs used to store videos?",p:25,x:212,y:723,w:338,h:22},
{t:"10.",p:25,x:165,y:747,w:23,h:22},
{t:"(a)",p:25,x:212,y:747,w:22,h:22},
{t:"What do CD -R and DVD-/+R have in common?",p:25,x:259,y:747,w:391,h:22},
{t:"(b)",p:25,x:212,y:771,w:23,h:22},
{t:"In what way are they different?",p:25,x:259,y:771,w:239,h:22},
{t:"11.",p:25,x:165,y:795,w:23,h:22},
{t:"(a)",p:25,x:212,y:795,w:22,h:22},
{t:"What do DVD-/+RW and CD-RW have in common?",p:25,x:259,y:795,w:430,h:22},
{t:"(b)",p:25,x:212,y:819,w:23,h:22},
{t:"In what way are they different?",p:25,x:259,y:819,w:239,h:22},
{t:"12.",p:25,x:165,y:843,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Complete this table comparing laser printers to inkjet printers. Y",p:25,x:212,y:843,w:497,h:22},
{t:"ou may",p:25,x:731,y:843,w:57,h:22},
{t:"have to search the internet to find out the relevant information.",p:25,x:212,y:867,w:483,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:25,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:26,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"20",p:26,x:197,y:1291,w:12,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:26,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Printer",p:26,x:194,y:179,w:56,h:23},
{t:"Laser or",p:26,x:322,y:179,w:64,h:23},
{t:"Resolution",p:26,x:414,y:179,w:86,h:23},
{t:"Speed",p:26,x:525,y:179,w:46,h:23},
{t:"Initial",p:26,x:608,y:179,w:49,h:23},
{t:"Cost of the",p:26,x:705,y:179,w:89,h:23},
{t:"make/model",p:26,x:194,y:203,w:99,h:23},
{t:"inkjet",p:26,x:322,y:203,w:46,h:23},
{t:"(dpi)",p:26,x:414,y:203,w:42,h:23},
{t:"(ppm)",p:26,x:525,y:203,w:52,h:23},
{t:"purchase",p:26,x:608,y:203,w:71,h:23},
{t:"ink/toner",p:26,x:705,y:203,w:75,h:23},
{t:"cost",p:26,x:608,y:227,w:31,h:23},
{t:"HP deskjet",p:26,x:194,y:275,w:86,h:22},
{t:"Inkjet",p:26,x:322,y:275,w:45,h:22},
{t:"4800 x",p:26,x:414,y:275,w:51,h:22},
{t:"7 ppm",p:26,x:525,y:275,w:49,h:22},
{t:"£260",p:26,x:608,y:275,w:36,h:22},
{t:"2.65 pence per",p:26,x:707,y:275,w:111,h:22},
{t:"9300",p:26,x:194,y:299,w:36,h:22},
{t:"1200 dpi",p:26,x:414,y:299,w:64,h:22},
{t:"mono page",p:26,x:707,y:299,w:89,h:22},
{t:"7.1 pence per",p:26,x:707,y:323,w:102,h:22},
{t:"colour page",p:26,x:707,y:347,w:89,h:22},
{t:"Epson",p:26,x:194,y:395,w:49,h:22},
{t:"Colour",p:26,x:322,y:395,w:54,h:22},
{t:"600 x 600",p:26,x:414,y:395,w:74,h:22},
{t:"16 ppm",p:26,x:525,y:395,w:59,h:22},
{t:"£679",p:26,x:608,y:395,w:36,h:22},
{t:"1.5 pence per",p:26,x:707,y:395,w:102,h:22},
{t:"Aculaser",p:26,x:194,y:419,w:66,h:22},
{t:"laser",p:26,x:322,y:419,w:35,h:22},
{t:"mono page",p:26,x:707,y:419,w:88,h:22},
{t:"C900",p:26,x:194,y:443,w:40,h:22},
{t:"6.7 pence per",p:26,x:707,y:443,w:102,h:22},
{t:"colour page",p:26,x:707,y:467,w:89,h:22},
{t:"Inkjet",p:26,x:322,y:515,w:45,h:22},
{t:"Laser",p:26,x:322,y:563,w:42,h:22},
{t:"Inkjet",p:26,x:322,y:611,w:45,h:22},
{t:"Laser",p:26,x:322,y:659,w:42,h:22},
{t:"13.",p:26,x:187,y:717,w:23,h:22},
{t:"What is the difference between an LCD screen and a TFT screen?",p:26,x:235,y:717,w:514,h:22},
{t:"14.",p:26,x:187,y:741,w:22,h:22},
{t:"What features of LCD/TFT screens make them suitable for use on laptops?",p:26,x:235,y:741,w:585,h:22},
{t:"15.",p:26,x:187,y:765,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Why is a trackpad suitable for controlling the pointer on a laptop?",p:26,x:235,y:765,w:507,h:22},
{t:"16.",p:26,x:187,y:789,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Why do you think the combination of a keyboard and mouse is used as",p:26,x:235,y:789,w:551,h:22},
{t:"a means of inputting data into a desktop?",p:26,x:235,y:813,w:318,h:22},
{t:"17.",p:26,x:187,y:837,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Describe a graphics tablet.",p:26,x:235,y:837,w:201,h:22},
{t:"18.",p:26,x:187,y:861,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Who uses a graphics tablet?",p:26,x:235,y:861,w:212,h:22},
{t:"19.",p:26,x:187,y:885,w:23,h:22},
{t:"How does a digital still camera work?",p:26,x:235,y:885,w:293,h:22},
{t:"20.",p:26,x:187,y:909,w:23,h:22},
{t:"List four advantages of digital cameras.",p:26,x:235,y:909,w:298,h:22},
{t:"21.",p:26,x:187,y:933,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Use the internet or the latest magazines to get information on four of the",p:26,x:235,y:933,w:557,h:22},
{t:"latest digital cameras and then complete the following table.",p:26,x:235,y:957,w:461,h:22},
{t:"Name and",p:26,x:197,y:1028,w:83,h:23},
{t:"Memor y",p:26,x:327,y:1028,w:71,h:23},
{t:"Number of",p:26,x:459,y:1028,w:89,h:23},
{t:"Editing",p:26,x:622,y:1028,w:60,h:23},
{t:"make of",p:26,x:197,y:1052,w:65,h:23},
{t:"capacity",p:26,x:327,y:1052,w:63,h:23},
{t:"megapixels",p:26,x:459,y:1052,w:88,h:23},
{t:"features",p:26,x:622,y:1052,w:63,h:23},
{t:"camera",p:26,x:197,y:1076,w:56,h:23},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:26,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"21",p:27,x:783,y:1292,w:12,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:27,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:27,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"22.",p:27,x:165,y:177,w:23,h:22},
{t:"How does the storage capacity of a digital video camera different from",p:27,x:212,y:177,w:540,h:22},
{t:"that of a digital still camera?",p:27,x:212,y:201,w:217,h:22},
{t:"23.",p:27,x:165,y:225,w:23,h:22},
{t:"In what way is a digital video camera the same as a digital still camera?",p:27,x:212,y:225,w:548,h:22},
{t:"24.",p:27,x:165,y:249,w:23,h:22},
{t:"How does a webcam operate?",p:27,x:212,y:249,w:235,h:22},
{t:"25.",p:27,x:165,y:273,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Use a search engine to find a list of webcam sites and check some out for",p:27,x:212,y:273,w:559,h:22},
{t:"yourself, then complete the following table.",p:27,x:212,y:297,w:336,h:22},
{t:"Webcam address",p:27,x:174,y:345,w:133,h:23},
{t:"Webcam used for:",p:27,x:495,y:345,w:143,h:23},
{t:"www.",p:27,x:174,y:393,w:44,h:22},
{t:"26.",p:27,x:169,y:594,w:22,h:22},
{t:"What is the difference between sequential and random/direct access to data?",p:27,x:212,y:594,w:587,h:22},
{t:"27.",p:27,x:169,y:618,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Which types of backing storage uses random/direct access to data?",p:27,x:212,y:618,w:506,h:22},
{t:"28.",p:27,x:169,y:642,w:23,h:22},
{t:"How does a sound card capture sounds?",p:27,x:212,y:642,w:311,h:22},
{t:"29.",p:27,x:169,y:666,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Search for two sound cards on the internet or in a computing magazine",p:27,x:212,y:666,w:547,h:22},
{t:"and write up a short report on each one.",p:27,x:212,y:690,w:308,h:22},
{t:"30.",p:27,x:169,y:714,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Why do computers need graphics cards?",p:27,x:212,y:714,w:311,h:22},
{t:"31.",p:27,x:169,y:738,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Why do graphics cards have their own processor and memor",p:27,x:212,y:738,w:466,h:22},
{t:"y?",p:27,x:701,y:738,w:18,h:22},
{t:"32.",p:27,x:169,y:762,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Use the internet to search for graphics cards. Pick two and write a short",p:27,x:212,y:762,w:544,h:22},
{t:"report on their main features.",p:27,x:212,y:786,w:225,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:27,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:28,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"22",p:28,x:197,y:1291,w:12,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:28,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"Answers to Questions and Tasks",p:28,x:188,y:178,w:424,h:29},
{t:"1.",p:28,x:188,y:211,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Because they:",p:28,x:236,y:211,w:105,h:22},
{t:"•",p:28,x:236,y:242,w:11,h:22},
{t:"have ver y powerful processors",p:28,x:283,y:242,w:234,h:22},
{t:"•",p:28,x:236,y:266,w:11,h:22},
{t:"have a large amount of backing storage",p:28,x:283,y:266,w:302,h:22},
{t:"•",p:28,x:236,y:290,w:11,h:22},
{t:"are designed to process large volumes of data at high speeds.",p:28,x:283,y:290,w:464,h:22},
{t:"2.",p:28,x:188,y:338,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Mention the monitor , the processor , the memor y and backing storage as",p:28,x:236,y:338,w:572,h:22},
{t:"well as any peripherals attached to it.",p:28,x:236,y:362,w:284,h:22},
{t:"3.",p:28,x:188,y:410,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Desktop",p:28,x:396,y:434,w:67,h:23},
{t:"Laptop",p:28,x:613,y:434,w:56,h:23},
{t:"Output",p:28,x:198,y:482,w:59,h:23},
{t:"Ordinar y monitor",p:28,x:396,y:482,w:142,h:22},
{t:"LCD/TFT",p:28,x:613,y:482,w:85,h:22},
{t:"Backing storage",p:28,x:198,y:530,w:124,h:23},
{t:"Hard drive, CD/D VD",p:28,x:396,y:530,w:177,h:22},
{t:"Possibly all three,",p:28,x:613,y:530,w:139,h:22},
{t:"drive",p:28,x:396,y:554,w:38,h:22},
{t:"depending on the model",p:28,x:613,y:554,w:190,h:22},
{t:"you chose",p:28,x:613,y:578,w:76,h:22},
{t:"Power source",p:28,x:198,y:626,w:106,h:23},
{t:"Mains power",p:28,x:396,y:626,w:101,h:22},
{t:"Main or batter y",p:28,x:613,y:626,w:126,h:22},
{t:"Portable",p:28,x:198,y:674,w:66,h:23},
{t:"No",p:28,x:396,y:674,w:25,h:22},
{t:"Yes",p:28,x:613,y:674,w:24,h:22},
{t:"4.",p:28,x:188,y:731,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Simple word processing, database and spreadsheet software as well as",p:28,x:236,y:731,w:534,h:22},
{t:"useful applications such as electronic mail.",p:28,x:236,y:755,w:324,h:22},
{t:"5.",p:28,x:188,y:779,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Because they are compact and can fit in your pocket. They can r",p:28,x:236,y:779,w:494,h:22},
{t:"un a",p:28,x:755,y:779,w:34,h:22},
{t:"range of software and the latest versions enable you to access the internet",p:28,x:236,y:803,w:558,h:22},
{t:"and connect with your LAN.",p:28,x:236,y:827,w:222,h:22},
{t:"6.",p:28,x:188,y:851,w:13,h:22},
{t:"700 megabytes",p:28,x:236,y:851,w:112,h:22},
{t:"7.",p:28,x:188,y:875,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Storing large files that do not need to be updated, for example",p:28,x:236,y:875,w:478,h:22},
{t:"encyclopaedias, software, games.",p:28,x:236,y:899,w:253,h:22},
{t:"8.",p:28,x:188,y:923,w:13,h:22},
{t:"A single-sided D VD will hold 4.7 gigabytes. A double-sided double-",p:28,x:236,y:923,w:529,h:22},
{t:"layered DVD will hold four times that amount.",p:28,x:236,y:947,w:366,h:22},
{t:"9.",p:28,x:188,y:971,w:13,h:22},
{t:"Because of their large capacities.",p:28,x:236,y:971,w:248,h:22},
{t:"10.",p:28,x:188,y:995,w:23,h:22},
{t:"(a)",p:28,x:236,y:995,w:22,h:22},
{t:"You can write data to them once. They both use laser technology",p:28,x:283,y:995,w:499,h:22},
{t:".",p:28,x:803,y:995,w:4,h:22},
{t:"(b)",p:28,x:236,y:1019,w:23,h:22},
{t:"DVDs have a much higher capacity",p:28,x:283,y:1019,w:271,h:22},
{t:".",p:28,x:564,y:1019,w:4,h:22},
{t:"11.",p:28,x:188,y:1043,w:23,h:22},
{t:"(a)",p:28,x:236,y:1043,w:22,h:22},
{t:"You can write data to them over and over again. They both use",p:28,x:283,y:1043,w:486,h:22},
{t:"laser technology .",p:28,x:283,y:1067,w:132,h:22},
{t:"(b)",p:28,x:236,y:1091,w:23,h:22},
{t:"DVDs have a much higher capacity",p:28,x:283,y:1091,w:271,h:22},
{t:".",p:28,x:564,y:1091,w:4,h:22},
{t:"12.",p:28,x:188,y:1115,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Completed table comparing laser printers to inkjet printers.",p:28,x:236,y:1115,w:457,h:22},
{t:"13.",p:28,x:188,y:1139,w:23,h:22},
{t:"A TFT screen uses more complex electronics, an array of transistors, to",p:28,x:236,y:1139,w:545,h:22},
{t:"control backlighting of the screen. The result is that it gives a clearer",p:28,x:236,y:1163,w:521,h:22},
{t:"image than an ordinar",p:28,x:236,y:1187,w:171,h:22},
{t:"y LCD screen and displays moving graphics",p:28,x:417,y:1187,w:338,h:22},
{t:"without ‘shadowing’.",p:28,x:236,y:1211,w:161,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:28,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"23",p:29,x:783,y:1292,w:12,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:29,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:29,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"14.",p:29,x:165,y:178,w:23,h:22},
{t:"They are compact and light.",p:29,x:212,y:178,w:217,h:22},
{t:"15.",p:29,x:165,y:202,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Because you can operate it without the need for a mouse or a flat surface",p:29,x:212,y:202,w:558,h:22},
{t:"like a desk. This makes it ideal when you are on the move.",p:29,x:212,y:226,w:458,h:22},
{t:"16.",p:29,x:165,y:250,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Because they complement each other",p:29,x:212,y:250,w:288,h:22},
{t:". The keyboard is used to enter text",p:29,x:512,y:250,w:272,h:22},
{t:"and keyboard shortcuts. The mouse is used to control the pointer and",p:29,x:212,y:274,w:534,h:22},
{t:"select icons and items on menus.",p:29,x:212,y:298,w:251,h:22},
{t:"17.",p:29,x:165,y:322,w:23,h:22},
{t:"It has a flat surface that can sense the slightest movement. Artists and",p:29,x:212,y:322,w:525,h:22},
{t:"designers use it to enter drawings into a computer system. By dragging a",p:29,x:212,y:346,w:554,h:22},
{t:"stylus across the tablet surface you can draw freehand and the drawing is",p:29,x:212,y:370,w:553,h:22},
{t:"entered exactly into the computer",p:29,x:212,y:394,w:260,h:22},
{t:"’s memor y.",p:29,x:486,y:394,w:87,h:22},
{t:"18.",p:29,x:165,y:418,w:23,h:22},
{t:"An artist or designer who needed to enter freehand drawings.",p:29,x:212,y:418,w:470,h:22},
{t:"19.",p:29,x:165,y:442,w:23,h:22},
{t:"A digital camera takes photographs by using sensors to capture the light",p:29,x:212,y:442,w:547,h:22},
{t:"that comes in through the lens. It then converts the light into binar",p:29,x:212,y:466,w:507,h:22},
{t:"y",p:29,x:747,y:466,w:8,h:22},
{t:"numbers that are recorded on backing storage. This digital version of the",p:29,x:212,y:490,w:558,h:22},
{t:"photograph can then be displayed on the small screen that is set into the camera.",p:29,x:212,y:514,w:618,h:22},
{t:"20.",p:29,x:165,y:538,w:23,h:22},
{t:"•",p:29,x:212,y:538,w:11,h:22},
{t:"They can hold lots of photos without the need to buy film.",p:29,x:235,y:538,w:450,h:22},
{t:"•",p:29,x:212,y:562,w:11,h:22},
{t:"You can see what your photo is like straight away and you can delete",p:29,x:235,y:562,w:527,h:22},
{t:"any you do not want.",p:29,x:235,y:586,w:164,h:22},
{t:"•",p:29,x:212,y:610,w:11,h:22},
{t:"The photos are digital so you can transfer them to your PC and then",p:29,x:235,y:610,w:526,h:22},
{t:"do all sorts of things with them such as: edit them, print them, store",p:29,x:235,y:634,w:517,h:22},
{t:"them on a writeable CD, attach them to an e-mail.",p:29,x:235,y:658,w:392,h:22},
{t:"•",p:29,x:212,y:682,w:11,h:22},
{t:"You do not need to have them developed, saving time and money",p:29,x:235,y:682,w:509,h:22},
{t:".",p:29,x:766,y:682,w:4,h:22},
{t:"21.",p:29,x:165,y:706,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Completed table with name and make of camera, memor",p:29,x:212,y:706,w:449,h:22},
{t:"y capacity,",p:29,x:682,y:706,w:82,h:22},
{t:"number of megapixels and any editing features.",p:29,x:212,y:730,w:365,h:22},
{t:"22.",p:29,x:165,y:754,w:23,h:22},
{t:"They tend to have much larger storage capacities because of the size of",p:29,x:212,y:754,w:543,h:22},
{t:"the video files.",p:29,x:212,y:778,w:111,h:22},
{t:"23.",p:29,x:165,y:802,w:23,h:22},
{t:"They both operate in basically the same way",p:29,x:212,y:802,w:345,h:22},
{t:".",p:29,x:571,y:802,w:4,h:22},
{t:"(a)",p:29,x:212,y:826,w:22,h:22},
{t:"They use light sensors to capture the images.",p:29,x:259,y:826,w:344,h:23},
{t:"(b)",p:29,x:212,y:850,w:23,h:22},
{t:"The images are then changed into binar",p:29,x:259,y:850,w:308,h:22},
{t:"y numbers.",p:29,x:584,y:850,w:85,h:22},
{t:"(c)",p:29,x:212,y:874,w:21,h:22},
{t:"The binar y numbers are then recorded in files on the cameras",p:29,x:259,y:874,w:480,h:22},
{t:"backing storage.",p:29,x:259,y:898,w:124,h:22},
{t:"24.",p:29,x:165,y:922,w:23,h:22},
{t:"A webcam uses technology for capturing the images that is similar to that",p:29,x:212,y:922,w:559,h:22},
{t:"used in the other digital cameras. W",p:29,x:212,y:946,w:279,h:22},
{t:"ebcams are used to take photos and",p:29,x:503,y:946,w:272,h:22},
{t:"then send them across the internet. W",p:29,x:212,y:970,w:289,h:22},
{t:"ebcams transmit photographs that",p:29,x:512,y:970,w:261,h:22},
{t:"are regularly updated at various speeds from one ever",p:29,x:212,y:994,w:412,h:22},
{t:"y few minutes to",p:29,x:645,y:994,w:128,h:22},
{t:"full streaming video.",p:29,x:212,y:1018,w:157,h:22},
{t:"25.",p:29,x:165,y:1042,w:23,h:22},
{t:"List of webcam sites with a description of what the webcam is used for",p:29,x:212,y:1042,w:540,h:22},
{t:".",p:29,x:779,y:1042,w:4,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:29,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:30,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"24",p:30,x:197,y:1291,w:12,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:30,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"26.",p:30,x:194,y:178,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Sequential access to data involves the system going through blocks of",p:30,x:236,y:178,w:530,h:22},
{t:"data one af ter another, in turn, before accessing the item of data ",p:30,x:236,y:202,w:502,h:22},
{t:"required.",p:30,x:756,y:202,w:70,h:22},
{t:"Using random/direct access a system can go directly to the data required.",p:30,x:236,y:226,w:559,h:22},
{t:"27.",p:30,x:194,y:250,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Hard disks, floppy disks, CD",p:30,x:236,y:250,w:223,h:22},
{t:"-ROMs, CD-R, CD-RW and all DVDs",p:30,x:471,y:250,w:313,h:22},
{t:"28.",p:30,x:194,y:274,w:23,h:22},
{t:"It takes thousands of samples of the sound waves each second, turns the",p:30,x:236,y:274,w:548,h:22},
{t:"samples into patterns of binar",p:30,x:236,y:298,w:227,h:22},
{t:"y numbers and then stores them in files.",p:30,x:476,y:298,w:306,h:22},
{t:"29.",p:30,x:194,y:322,w:23,h:22},
{t:"The answer to this will depend on the result of your search.",p:30,x:236,y:322,w:457,h:22},
{t:"30.",p:30,x:194,y:346,w:23,h:22},
{t:"Because the latest software uses increasingly complex graphics, including",p:30,x:236,y:346,w:555,h:22},
{t:"3-D graphics and animations.",p:30,x:236,y:370,w:226,h:22},
{t:"31.",p:30,x:194,y:394,w:23,h:22},
{t:"They need their own onboard processor to relieve the main processor of",p:30,x:236,y:394,w:556,h:22},
{t:"the burden of handling all the graphics. Similarly",p:30,x:236,y:418,w:379,h:22},
{t:", they need lots of",p:30,x:633,y:418,w:134,h:22},
{t:"onboard, dedicated memor",p:30,x:236,y:442,w:209,h:22},
{t:"y to free the computer",p:30,x:456,y:442,w:173,h:22},
{t:"’s main memor y of",p:30,x:639,y:442,w:153,h:22},
{t:"the need to store the ver",p:30,x:236,y:466,w:184,h:22},
{t:"y large graphics files that are being processed.",p:30,x:431,y:466,w:349,h:22},
{t:"32.",p:30,x:194,y:490,w:23,h:22},
{t:"The answer to this will depend on the results of your internet search.",p:30,x:236,y:490,w:527,h:22},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:30,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"25",p:31,x:783,y:1292,w:12,h:15},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:31,x:483,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:31,x:601,y:111,w:158,h:15},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:31,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
{t:"STANDARD GR ADE COMP UTING STUDIES",p:32,x:223,y:1291,w:277,h:15},
{t:"26",p:32,x:197,y:1291,w:12,h:15},
{t:"COMPUTER SYSTEMS",p:32,x:231,y:110,w:158,h:15},
{t:"© Learning and Teaching Scotland",p:32,x:341,y:1323,w:308,h:26},
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